Marsh motorcycles American origin

The 1904 Marsh motorcycle was built by the Marsh brothers, one of the first of the numerous motorcycle manufacturers dotting America's Eastern Coast in the industry's early days. Located in Brockton, Massachusetts, the Marsh brothers built a motorized bicycle in 1899, with regular production of motobikes commencing the following year.

Unlike many early manufacturers, which used engines built by outside suppliers, Marsh made its own.

Like most powerplants of the day, it had a single cylinder with an intake valve opened by suction created when the piston was on its downward stroke (called an "atmospheric intake valve") and a mechanically actuated side exhaust valve.

The spark plug was fired by a "total loss" ignition system, meaning there was no generator to recharge the battery; when it went dead, it was recharged by an outside source or replaced.

Though the first production engines produced less than two horsepower, a racing engine offering six horsepower was built in 1902. The motorcycle it powered could reach nearly 60 miles per hour, a blistering speed at the time.

In 1905, the Marsh brothers teamed up with Charles Metz and the resulting motorcycles were called Marsh & Metz, or just M.M.

Marsh & Metz was among the first companies to offer a V-twin engine. It was a 45-degree unit that arrived around 1906. Two years later, a 90-degree V-twin appeared, which was claimed to offer better internal balance.

But the pioneering manufacturer didn't last long. Like many others of the era, M.M. folded under the weight of stiff competition, closing its doors in 1913.

For more pictures of the 1904 Marsh motorcycle, continue to the next page.

Readers and visitors, a few posts in the future, Masgiey will display something classic that originated from the mainland United States. Please note, in U.S. history is also a motorcycle manufacturer, but they do not have time to enjoy the glory as of the Japanese motorcycle manufacturers today. Even today there have been rival the population of Japanese motorcycles of their original product.

Talk about arsmotorcycles American origin, is currently the most famous in all over the world just one name: Harley Davidson, and Harley is the toughest competitors before the Indians. But in the early 1900s in the American motorcycle industry like mushrooms in the rainy season.

Articles about this ancient motorcycle MasGiey kidnapped from howstuffworks.com after MasGiey through editing in the style of course. Enjoy.

1904 Marsh motorcycle built by the Marsh brothers, one of the first motorcycle manufacturer in the U.S. East Coast at that time. Located in Brockton, Massachusetts, the Marsh brothers built a motorized bicycle in 1899, and produce it on a regular basis next year.

Marsh makes his own engine to a bicycle motorized, something not uncommon at the time, because many producers are not making their own engines for its products. Marsh made machine that has the same engine is currently working with, but when talking about the ignition, obviously very, very different. The difference, is because this machine is not equipped with generators, so when the battery has run out of power then the engine will die.

The first production machine to produce power less than 2 hp, while they make a racing engine in 1902 has a 6 hp power and could run up to 60 miles per hour.
In 1905, Marsh was the brothers worked with Charles Metz and produced motorcycles called Marsh & Metz, or just MM.

Marsh & Metz is one of the first companies to offer a V-twin engine with an angle of 45 degrees in 1906. Two years later, came the V-twin with an angle of 90 degrees, which claimed to have a better machine balance.
But the triumph of the pioneer producers did not last long, as many producers as it is crushed by intense competition, so that MM had to close its factory in 1913.

An important note, Marsh in 1904 slightly more than a motorized bicycle with a good design, and with the set up for racing could run 60 mph.

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Thor motorcycle manufacturer, is owned by the Aurora Automatic Machinery Company. The company is also credited with growing American motorcycle industry, because the homemade machines in use by other motorcycle manufacturers such as Indians, Reading Standard and Sears.

Cooperation with the Indians began in 1902 and ended in 1907, so that Thor took the initiative to build his own motorcycle.

In the initial model, using a single machine Thor Thor-Indian designed and has been producing for five years. And when Thor introduced the first V-twin in 1910, prompting other manufacturers to follow.

Thor machine, not set up to form a V, but tend to be more horizontal cylinder front and rear cylinder upright so similar to hurf L which in the modern era is now often adopted by producer motorcycles from Italy: Ducati. As a result there is the engine behind the empty space and Thor use it to put the carburetor and magneto (generator?)

In 1913, Thor V-twin engine introduces new results of its own design and fitted with conventional ways, to replace the engine 76 cubic inches. Thor and keeping success in racing, but could never escape the shadow of Indian and Harley-Davidson.

End of story from Thor same time motorbike manufacturers are not able to face keen competition, but Thor is still time to release its latest products in the year 1917 before it actually disappears because the parent company to concentrate more on industrial equipment and power tools.

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Maestro keroncong Martohartono Gesang

Maestro keroncong Martohartono Gesang (1992) before he died, Thursday afternoon, at 18:10 pm, healthy conditions could drop up to two times, and request written three songs keroncong his work, including the Solo.

"He has his health before death could drop up to two times. First at 13:30 am and 18:00 o'clock am," said Yani Effendi, son of niece Gesang when the General Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Solo.

According to Yani, Thursday (20 / 5) morning at around 7:00 pm, Gesang fed to eat two scoops. In fact, he actually asked for another poem written by one of his nephews keroncong Yaniarti.

"He asked for written three songs namely kerongcong Red Bridge, Sweep Hands, and Solo," he said.

After that, his health continued to decline and at around 13:30 am experiencing shortness of breath, so the team of doctors who handle intensive and time to provide therapy to remove mucus in the throat.

Gesang improved his health back a few hours, but at around 18:00 pm his health again deteriorated after experiencing shortness of breath followed by a heart condition.

"A team of doctors who deal with him when Gesang experiencing shortness of breath, and followed by a heart condition," he said.

Gesang
finally our last breath at around 18:10 pm while being treated in the ICU PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Solo.

Santoso, another nephew also Gesang, explaining his plan Gesang corpse was buried in General Cemetery Pracimalaya, Tomb Haji Surakarta, Saturday (21 / 5).

According to him, before deployment to the last Gesang bodies will be brought to Pendapi Gede Surakarta Government Offices to honor the services of a great artist who is known as the Solo song.3
The song was composed in 1940, when he beusia 23 years. Gesang young when it was sitting on the edge of the Solo, he is always amazed by the river, was inspired to create a song. This song creation process takes about six months.

Solo song also has its own popularity abroad, especially in Japan. Solo could be used in one Japanese movie.
Gesang currently living in the No. 5 Village Road Bedoyo Kemlayan, Serengan, Solo with nephew and his family, having previously lived in the house of Mayor Perumnas Palur Surakarta in 1984 for 20 years. He has parted with his wife in 1962. Choosing to live alone. He never had children. On October 1, 2008 has been 92 years old.

Gesang initially was not a songwriter. Previously, he was just a singer keroncong songs for the show and only a small party in Solo city. He has also created a few songs, such as; Keroncong World Wheels, Keroncong the orphans, and Sweep Hand, during World War II. Unfortunately, this song is the third less than public acclaim.

As the appreciation for his services towards the development of music kroncong, in 1983 the Japanese established a park near the Solo Gesang. Management of the park is funded by Gesang Fund, an institution established for Gesang in Japan.

Gesang had reportedly died on May 18, 2010 after his health reportedly deteriorating



Surakarta / solo
Solo is the longest river in Java, Indonesia with two upstream rivers, namely from South Mountain area, Wonogiri and Ponorogo, then empties into the area of Gresik. "River," in Javanese means "great river". In the past, the river was once called Wuluyu, Wulayu, Semanggi (Semangy spelled in the Dutch language manuscript of the 17th century)
Surakarta is a big city in Central Java province, Indonesia. Another name is Solo or Solo. In Indonesia, Surakarta is the tenth largest city (after the Yogyakarta). East side of this city who passed the river in one of the songs is the keroncong, Solo.

The existence of this city began when the Sultanate of Mataram move the position of the king of Kartasura to the village of Sala, on the banks of the Solo. Due to split the kingdom, in Solo stood two palace, made the town had become a city with two administrative. This ended after the second political power of this kingdom was liquidated after the founding of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, Solo became the seat of the prefect, who supervises Surakarta until the 1950s. After residency abolished, Surakarta is equivalent to the position of city districts (Regional Level II.) Since the Local Government Act which gives a lot of right of autonomy for local authorities, Surakarta to the status of the City.

Surakarta has the motto "BERSERI", an acronym of "Clean, Healthy, Neat and Beautiful", as the slogan of maintaining the beauty of the town. For the purposes of tourism marketing, tourism Solo Solo took the slogan, The Spirit of Java that is expected to build the image of the city of Solo as a center of Javanese culture.

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Gerabah (Earthenware) are vessels made of clay was formed and then burned to later become useful tools that help life

Kasongan is the name of a village located in low lying areas in the hamlet of landless limestone Kajen, Bangunjiwo, Poor District, about 8 km southwest of Yogyakarta city center, or about 15-20 minutes drive from downtown Yogyakarta.
Kasongan an industrial center of the village pottery. Earthenware vessels are vessels made of clay or clay soil. This area is a residential area makers craft items such as furniture, kitchen and also an assortment of similar items, mostly using clay as raw material.
In the past, making pottery in the village is limited to household equipment, such as jars (water container), Kendil (container for cooking), barrel (water vessel), anglo (burner - a furnace with charcoal for cooking fuel), and the like.
In line with the changing times, now making pottery is not only limited to household furnishings, but also other similar items that have high sales value in the market.

Kasongan regional origins into an industrial pottery
In the Dutch colonial period and one region in the south of Yogyakarta city shocking events that ever happened to local residents, that is a horse owned by the Dutch Criminal Investigation found dead in the paddy fields owned by a citizen. It makes people scared to death. Fearing punishment, the people finally let go of their land rights and does not recognize the land again. This was followed by other villagers. Land that has been released even this then recognized by other villagers. Residents who fear finally silence around their home. Because it has no wet land again, so to fill the day, they use whatever is around. They take advantage of existing soil, then-ngempalnya mengempal that do not break when put together, and began shaping it into a variety of functions which tend to be consumer goods, kitchen or children's toys. Starting from daily life that their ancestors had a habit finally lowered to the present generation who chose to become artisans tiles for kitchen furniture and toys so far.

Making Process
Basically, the process of making pottery is divided into two major parts, namely by way of printing to manufacture in quantity (mass) or directly by hand. For the process of making by hand on a cylindrical ceramic (vases, pots, jars), was done by adding little by little over a clay that can be played. One craftsman hand side will be inside while the others were outside. By twisting the base, the existing automatic above ground would form a cylinder with diameter and thickness of the scale is set through a process of suppression and the withdrawal of the existing soil on the palms of the hands of craftsmen.
Making pottery or ceramics, ranging from the milling process, the formation of materials using perbot, until drying product usually takes 2-4 days. Items that have been dried and then burned, before finally finishing process using wall paint or paint tile. A gallery in Kasongan usually a family business handed down from generation to generation, they work collectively. Now the manufacture of ceramics involving neighbors around the dwelling owner of the gallery, but the family is still responsible for material selection and supervision of production.

Modern Ceramic Design
At first it did not have the ceramic design style at all. But the death of a horse legend has inspired craftsmen to create a horse motif on many products, particularly pottery horses carrier or roof complete with a basket placed on a horse, other than the motive of frogs, roosters and elephants.
The development of the modern age with the inclusion of the influence of outside cultures and through various media has brought changes in Kasongan. After Kasongan region was first introduced by Sapto Hudoyo around 1971-1972 with a touch of art and large-scale commercial and used commercially by Sahid Ceramics around the 1980s, now tourists can encounter a variety of different motifs on ceramics. Even tourists can book according to the wishes of motifs such as peacocks, dragons, roses and many others.

Pottery crafts sold in the village Kasongan varies, ranging from unique items for souvenirs small size (usually for a wedding gift), ornaments, pots for plants, the interior (decorative lamps, statues, furniture, etc), desk chair, and many another kind.
Even in its development, rural tourism product was also varied include artificial flowers from banana leaves, bamboo furniture, mask-topengan and many others.

Pottery production in the present Kasongan already includes many types. No longer confined to the kitchen furniture (Kendil, cauldron, pengaron, cormorant, and others) as well as children's toys (musical instrument, a frog, a piggy bank). In the region will look Kasongan ceramic galleries along the street that sells a variety of decorative items and souvenirs. Form and function have also varied, ranging from small cigarette ashtrays and flower vases or pots that are large, reaching adult shoulder. Decorative items are not only having the function, but also goods and souvenirs wedding decor decoration.

International tourists who like the statue of Loro Blonyo model, special ordered with a variety of forms, such as dancers, guitar players, models and others. His clothes no longer wear traditional Javanese clothes in addition to adopting a typical multiple countries, the most widely use motif Bali and Thailand, even teracota soldier statue can be found here. Some ceramics gallery has now been sold a pair of these unique sculptures that continue to be produced in several forms and different models.

Village Tourism Kasongan

At present visitors can encounter a variety of handicraft products besides pottery. Immigrants who opened the gallery in Kasongan also influence the development of handicraft business here. Items sold are still including local crafts such as coconut wood crafts, craft or crafts in dried herbs shellfish. Kasongan handicraft business grow with the flow and opportunities. However, pottery remains a major milestone in the livelihoods of local residents. Ceramics with various shapes and patterns, modern and even artistic, and various other crafts as an additional attraction Kasongan until today. Kasongan has now become an attractive tourist spot with beautiful goods expertise results of the clay is processed by local residents. The production process is basically a conversion of raw material (inputs) into products (output). To carry out the process or activity required a series of phased construction process. The design of the production process in this case will depend on product characteristics and patterns of needs that must be met in the project making the product.

Gerabah (Earthenware) are vessels made of clay was formed and then burned to later become useful tools that help life

The process of pottery production
The production process is carried out in the pottery business activities require only relatively simple equipment because more draw upon the expertise of human hands to create the results that have high artistic value. Stages through which the pottery production process, as shown in Graph

A. Raw Materials Preparation
Raw materials such as clay (black and yellow), fine sand and water prepared in advance before entering the mixing process. Mixing process is done by using a mixer or grinder (molen). Raw and black clay, yellow clay and fine sand mixed with a pre-determined ratio is 0.5: 1: 0.5, it aims to obtain a mixture of good and strong. The units used by each craftsmen in Kasongan is like a car unit equivalent to a colt or m3. The comparison is a m3 of yellow clay mixed with black clay and fine sand 0.5 m3 respectively. Both materials are mixed thoroughly by using soil pelumat (molen), then given a little water so the texture is achieved, such as wax (porridge). Further material (dough) is ready for use.

B. Production Process
In running the production process, the craftsmen in Kasongan doing the same techniques and treatments. Early stage in the production process is to prepare beforehand the main raw material which formed the dough mixture of clay and sand. Subsequent phases can be divided into several phases, namely:

1.
Phase Formation
The dough mixture of raw materials have been prepared and shaped using hand tools swivel (perbot). Swivel tool is used to make goods or cylindrical symmetry, such as jars, stoves, water jars, flower pots and other. While for various forms of sculpture and contemporary decoration, a tool used in the play is not absolute. In the modeling process, which is an indispensable skill, creativity and artistic ability for employees. For pottery Kasongan, adding the motive of the most widely performed is a form of flower, leaf and carved dragons.
2.
Drying Phase
After the pottery is formed in accordance with the desired, then arranged on the clothes line to dry before burning done. Drying process was conducted in an open place exposed to direct sunlight. Laying vessels must be arranged so that vessels can be dried evenly, while in the evening was closed with deklit pottery or tarpaulin.
The purpose of this drying stage is to reduce the water content contained in earthenware vessels, especially in surface area, so the pottery can be hardened and there is no breakage or cracks in the combustion process. The duration of the drying process, ranging from two to five days, depending on the thickness of thin material that is dried and weather conditions. The drying process will take much longer during the rainy season, because the drying process is done only aerated.
3.
Phase Combustion
Items that have been dried naturally (with the help of the wind and sun) and then arranged in a room or furnace. Length of the combustion process conducted approximately six hours adjusted to the size of the pottery. This process is useful for removing moisture from the inside of earthenware. Earthenware is usually ripe orange like a brick. Combustion process will result in excessive or charred black pottery and easily cracked or even broken. Required temperature in the combustion process are between 800 - 1000oC.
4.
Cleaning and Refinement Phase
After the firing process, clay is cleaned of the ash residue, as well as earthenware surface refinement process is carried out using fine sandpaper. In this process of examination of goods, if there are minor defects (cracks), then these vessels can be repaired by filling with a mixture of cement and pieces of pottery that has been refined, and then through the next stages. For the pottery has damaged (broken) and can not be used again, it will be demolished or could be used as a mixture to repair the cracked pottery.
5.
Coloring and Finishing Phase
After going through the stages of post-combustion clean-up and refinement, vessels entering the final stages of production process by providing certain motifs on pottery bodies such as the provision of decorative colors, accessories or other ornaments. For this work the necessary skills and artwork for their workers because the better the coloring, the higher value products.
6.
Packaging stage
If there is an order from outside the city or from abroad, the goods must be packaged in such a way as to maintain the security of goods that are not broken or damaged at the time until the goal. This packaging process using the tools or simple materials such as wood boards, hammer, nails and other. To keep the goods are not easily engaged in the packaging used cork or straw that is useful to condense the pottery in the packaging. Cork or straw-padatkan dipadat sidelines empty space in the packaging. In this case the price of packaging is fully charged to the purchaser.
7th.
Phase Warehousing / Shipping Goods
Pottery that has become or is already packaged and then inserted into the finished goods warehouse and ready to be marketed or shipped to customer. As in the packaging, the entire cost of shipping the goods covered by the buyer, while craftsmen only provide convenience through a partnership with the cargo.

In the process of moving goods from one place to another by using human power, so that in the process of moving goods can be done with caution because the product is fragile goods.

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READ MORE - Gerabah (Earthenware) are vessels made of clay was formed and then burned to later become useful tools that help life

History Sport CB200

Honda CB first entered Indonesia in 1971 with the code Honda CB 100 K1.

At that time, Holder Sole Agent Brand (ATPM) Honda motorcycles are named PT. Federal Motor. Besides the well produced 100 CB type with a capacity greater Engine is 125cc, 175cc, and 200 types cc.Khusus for 175cc and 200cc have a better performance due to using double cylinder. However, in Indonesia more popular due CB100 cheaper price and also easy maintenance.

CB series is the pioneer of motor sport with no 4 engine. Economical but powerful. While other brands were still playing with Engine type 2 tak.Toh, visionary outlook and Futurist management of PT. Federal Motor at the time, proved not to be king benar.4 today. Because the sale of the ATPM dominate.

Within a decade (1971-1981) the total amount of sales Honda CB in the country reached 600 thousand units. When are averaged, the annual sales in the range of 60 thousand unit.Di time, a dominator lokal.Hingga current motor, such as Honda motorcycles has always been lansiran lawas exciting game. Moreover original flow.

In the area Nganjuk, East Java, in fact there opinion: do not admit people have not had a reply Nganjuk CB.

This is reasonable, because in Indonesia, in Nganjuk community is majority owner of the Honda CB.
The Honda CB200K0 was sold in 1974. Two color were available: Tahitian Red and Muscat Green Metallic. The fuel tank had a black rubber insert on top. It was also 2-tone red and green with black panels on each side. The "CB200" side cover emblem was white. The front disc brake was operated by a cable rather than hydraulic lines. The engine was a 198cc 4-stroke parallel twin with a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began CB200-1000001.
The CB200T, also referred to as, CB200T0, was sold in 1975 as a replacement for the CB200K0. It came in two colors: Candy Gold Metallic and Custom Silver Metallic. The fuel tank and side covers are the basic color. The "CB200T" side cover emblem was white and yellow. The front disc brake was cable operated. The engine was a 198cc OHC parallel twin linked to a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began: CB200-2000001.
The CB200T'76 was sold in 1976 with one of two available colors: Parakeet Yellow with Black or Shiny Orange with Black. The fuel tank was the basic color while the side covers were black. The "CB200T" side cover emblem was white and yellow. The front disc brake was cable operated. The engine was a 198cc OHC parallel twin linked to a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began: CB200-2100001.

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History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

This is my first topic on the history and stories I began the story with a story of the history of Java on one of the Palace of in Java. Frankly, I'm really with the historical hobbies Java and all interrelationships. Maybe because I was born as a Java. The founder of the Mataram dynasty or Sutawijaya Panembahan Senapati. Sutawijaya ancestors Ki Ageng Sela is coming from a family ordinary farmers. But by the legend that dituturkatakan Ki Ageng Sela This is not an ordinary citizen periphery. However, one of the village of aspiring to heaven, one of the miracle of the most frequently told by people is that he was able to catch lightning. In one desire in him, Ki Ageng Sela wanted once having offspring that will going back to power in The island of Java, remember that he felt that in itself is still Majapahit blood there. Later, through a granddaughter wants open adoptive, or Karebet Mas Jaka Tingkir, son aka Ki Kebo Kenanga Pengging Ageng.

In married life, Ki Ageng a son During the 7 people each is Nyai Ageng Purungtengah, Nyai Ageng Saba, Nyai Ageng Bangsri, Nyai Ageng Teak, Nyai Ageng Petanen, Nyai Ageng Pakisdadu and the only man and became the youngest in the family called Ki Ageng Ngenis.
Ki Ageng Ngenis down a single son, Ki Ageng Pamanahan and an adopted child Ki Penjawi. As an adult, Pemanahan married to the eldest daughter Saba Nyai Ageng of results marriage to the Prince of Saba, the son of Sunan Giri II. Medium Saba Ageng Nyai youngest born man named Savior Mertani. Like Sultan Pajang Hadiwijaya, Pemanahan and Penjawi and Interpreters Mertani is closest disciples Sunan Kalijaga. Of This close association and Penjawi Pemanahan lives up to the layer became commander of the elite soldiers Palace Wiratamtama Pajai.

Ki Pemanahan has 7 children, 5 of them male. Born eldest named Senopati, taken by the Sultan adopted child Pajang before the Empress, the third daughter of Emperor Trenggana, childbirth Prince Benawa crown prince. In Javanese tradition, husband and wife if they have not had children and then want to have children then according to the story, they should be adopted as memgambil means to conceive. Mataram era began in 1417 when Ki Pemanahan receive huta as a present area of approximately 800 works from the Sultan Pajang because Ki Pemanahan Penangsang killed Arya. Forest given the name Mentaok. Meanwhile participating Penjawi meritorious given the Earth because of his services quell Starch Duke Jipang rebellion.

With the help of farmers from Sela, who had been a Mentaok managed forests are opened and made a new settlement and a change of name by Mataram. Ki Pemanahan position is as landowners while that of farmers in the workers' status as tenants land. In principle this is similar to the relationship gusti - subjects or a gentleman - in the lives of the underprivileged Palace. As a ruler, chose the title Pemanahan Ki Ki Gede Mataram as a proof of his loyalty to Pajai. In the Babad Tanah Jawi told that the Sultan Hadiwijaya basically had initially hesitated Mentaok submit in connection with the prediction of Sunan Giri will be the emergence of a rival kingdom Pajai. Fundamental change occurred during Sutawijaya up replacing father's position and title Panembahan Senapati. Signs eparated from Pajai was demonstrated by the construction of the wall around the city like a palace. Military strength and established urban design and operation of household organization addressed all of the lifting Ki Interpreters Mertani be advisers, leading to an independent form of government.
This move infuriated Pajai. Conflicts of military force is inevitable, and ended with the defeat Pajang and coincided with the death of Sultan Hadiwijaya. Panembahan Senapati rise to power. But the crisis still continues. seizure occurred among the cemetery prince & the Duke. But gak tau gimana-story heritage royal heritage can then be move to the Duchy of Pajang yg adipatinya (Jaka Tingkir) is one of the last Sultan of Demak in-law. ==> Duke this Pajang then with the revelation bhw trust has moved to court Pajang ,..... lifted himself into the Sultan called the posterior Sultan Hadiwijaya ==> * the name that all court pake Javanese Sultanate's name *

Jaka Tingkir Trahing Kesuma potatoes (not a blood biru.red) lifted themselves into the Sultan, of course many is not princes received. But most against the Duke Jipang: Aryo Penangsang. After trying to send a killer to the Palace Running, ... finally declared lack Penangsang Aryo sukaanya openly. And began collecting armies for Pajang opposed. Before the war, they both sempet collected by Sunan Holy. But Sunan Kudus gelembuk've sempet at first i just Aryo penangsang ,..... so that by the time the Holy sunan, seats yg provided for Sultan Hadiwijaya've given tattoo. Brg who sit there get hurt. But thanks to the instructions interpreting Mertani Ki, Managed to allow the Aryo Hadiwijaya seats penangsang yg originally assigned to him ==>
Sunan Kudus not like ya rulers at that time. Sampe now also in the mosque tower & the road to Sunan Kudus, Rajah It was installed in the door. Org-org Purebred mataram here mah not so tough ,...... yg is a villain: D: D So sampe now, government officials, both local officials and center, like the segen Sunan pilgrimage to the holy: (Even through bush called Kudus Kulon area (the area where Sunan Kudus & his family lived) wrote on'm not. Believe it or enggak ,..... an era when the new order, came a wife from government officials to the Holy Center. Previously he was the first dateng udah mau-mau really do not sampe he Holy dilewatin west ,..... did not deliberately time ,..... bgmana whether the story was suddenly all the roads closed (flooding) is not laen choice he had to the Holy dilewatin west. As a result not DOI long down from his post. Eeeh continue nyokap time I wrote it join nemenin proud ,..... he die dlm participate reform hihihiiii; D Kok gue jadi gini sih digress; D've had ah, ... Sori kalo kaco story yaaa udah lama banget abis sih read ,.... entar dibener let ama Mas-benerin Sapta After Pakubuwono died in 1719, Prince Duke Anom Hamangkunagara throne. He chose the title Amangkurat IV as the grandfather rather than the title Pakubuwono II continued his father. This is done because he believe prophecy which states that the use of the title Paku Buwono will result in the division dragged kerator large.

Amangkurat IV, also known as Jawi is not Amangkurat a leader who firmly. Sometimes ambiguous political policy and often led to intrigue. The lack of clarity in his against the Dutch finally made his uncle the Prince Purbaya and Prince Balitar separated from him and then join forces against the Dutch in Surabaya. Amangkurat IV died in 1727 and was succeeded by his son ie Gusti Raden Mas Suyasa born King of the empress Kangjeng Queen Kencana or Kangjeng Ageng Queen, daughter of the Regent Tirtakusuma Duke Spirit. By the time he was wearing his coronation Pakubuwono II and still 16-year-old. II Pakubuwono Dutch anti sebenernya. Wrong one example is he secretly agreed Patih Natakusuma send troops Kartasura secret mission to help Chinese invasion of the Dutch fort in Semarang. Dutch gradually suspect that Pakubuwono II help the raid to cover all possibilities, Paku Buwono II tried to wash your hands with attributing all errors the resulting Natakusuma Patih throw away the Regent to Ceylon.

Capture and disposal of the ministers of the fuel unrest in society anti Company. Them, including including Raden Mas Garendi, grandson Amangkurat III, who later Kartasura led invasion and ultimately make Pakubuwono II run to Ponorogo. Year 1742 was appointed as the Sultan Garendi Amangkurat V or called Sunan Kuning also because of his coronation is supported by the ethnic-skinned yellow, China. In refugee camps, Pakubuwono II in 1743 are willing to accept Dutch military aid offer with a promise that he required to submit the entire coastal areas plus Another area of work 138.422. Kartasura been won back, but unfortunately despite Pakubuwono II to regain his throne, coastal areas have lost his submitted to the Dutch. Assume that Kartasura has lost tuahnya, Susuhunan Paku Buwono II moved the center of his empire to the village of Sala. Keraton new This was completed in 1745 and was named Solo Sultanate.

Toward the end of his reign, Pakubuwono II still had tofacing the defection of some of the immediate family was disappointed and hurt the political policy that gave birth to so many sycophant officers of the Company. Later it is this which will divide the Mataram into four kingdoms. One of the resistance is considered the most threatening is Raden

Mas Said, son of the exiled Prince Mangkunegoro to Ceylon. Prince was the brother of Mangkunegoro Pakubuwono II but different mothers. Mastering Sukowati, Raden Mas Said resistance increasing firmly coupled with assistance from Prince Mangkubumi, brother-in-law who is also younger than Pakubuwono II. However, personal conflicts and ambitions of them have changed daughter-in-law relationship into a bitter feud.

Prince Mangkubumi turned into opponents as Raden Mas Said tempted to present king Sukowati as promised to anyone who can expel Raden Mas Said of the land. Apparently Mangkubumi never received a gift of land in question. Through a sly approach, managed to incite Pringgalaya Patih Governor-General van Imhoff in 1746 GDI yan visit Surakarta. The Regent is a provocation to the Governor-General mementahkan promise and successful king. Hurt humiliated in such a way, Prince Mangkubumi develop resistance from the western edge of Mataram. Amid the chaos, Pakubuwono II fell ill and died at year 1747. Near death, he was forced to surrender all power to the Netherlands. Practical royal sovereignty has tergadaikan without rest at all. Company was in control in the palace, lifting Gusti Raden Mas Suryokusumo as Pakubuwono III on December 15, 1749. Caused the Company to allow the sovereign status in a vacuum during two years, making many nobles and the people of Surakarta then crossed to join the Prince Mangkubumi. Position Prince Mangkubumi getting stronger.

To quell the resistance is finally there was a triangular agreement between the Company, Pakubuwono III and Pangerang Mangkubumi. This Agreement is known as the Treaty of Gianti as implemented in Gianti on February 13, 1755. This event is known as "Palihan Nagari". Agreements what happens is dipecahnya Mataram menajdi two equal parts large, including inheritance and its contents. Pakubuwono III or Sinuhun Swarga obtained with the eastern capital remained in Surakarta Sultanate and Prince Mangkubumi controlled the western part with Sultan Hamengkubuwono I located in Yogyakarta.

The combined power of three parties who had finally reconciled not can be countered by Raden Mas Said. He finally accepted an offer reconciliation of the Company. Treaty of Salatiga in the year 1757, it was agreed Raden Mas Said that receive a portion of Surakarta and styled Duke Kangjeng Gusti Anom Mangkunegoro Prince. Every Mangkunegoro KGPAA week to report to Susuhunan Pakubuwono as a sign of respect. The division of Mataram originally seen by the elite of Java as a resolution while but then realized that perception was wrong later, when each fraction of Mataram palace instead seen growing increasingly well established. This is what led to Pakubuwono IV to intend restore the Surakarta palace area of at least include throughout Central Java.

IV Pakubuwono plan also popular with sebutah Sinuhun Good result was a tense relationship between Yogyakarta - Mangkunegaran - Surakarta and even almost ignited a war brother. The crisis can be ended only in 1799 after Company re-intervention.

In 1808 when HW. Daendels appointed as Governor-General Dutch East Indies, the attributes of sovereignty of the kings of Java revoked by arbitrarily, including fire Sultan Hamengkubuwono II and reduce regional and income of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Daendels pulled back in line with the fall of the Indies Dutch to British hands. New ruler Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (1811 - 1816) was much different. He did the things done by Daendels.

Pakubuwono IV died on October 1, 1820 after ruling for 33 years. His son, Raden Mas Gusti Sugandi replace a V Pakubuwono also known as Sinuhun Sugih. Paku Buwono V only reigned for 3 years and during his reign no important event occurred. Eleven sons born of concubines Raden Ayu Namely Sosrokoesoemo Raden Mas Sapardan Airport, appear to inherit throne and title VI Pakubuwono or popularly known as Wake Sinuhun Tapa. VI Pakubuwono is very anti-Dutch and he secretly many donated funds and weapons to help the rebellion Prince Diponegoro. Secret meeting with the prince of Sultanate of Yogyakarta is often held in secret and with shot in Krewardhana Forest, located on the north side Kasunanan Keraton Surakarta.

When his fellowship with Prince Diponegoro discovered, Paku VI Buwono intend to revolt openly. He to leave the palace and then do a meditation on the Beach South to plead to God's son. This is a big allegation tale disguised, because the understanding is not impossible that the son interpret the desire to regain the earth Mataram. For that reason he was arrested by the Dutch and so exiled to Ambon in the year 1829. Pakubuwono VI died on June 2, 1849. He is recognized as a National Hero. In Jakarta, the name he used as the name of one main street. Throne of the palace fell into the hands of Maliki Gusti Raden Mas Salikin, son to Pakubuwono 23 IV of the Queen consort Kangjeng Kencana. Therefore, VI Pakubuwono not get the son of the Empress, Kangjeng Queen Hemas, who left the ground when exile was pregnant old.

Pakubuwono title VII, Salikin Maliki in power during 1830 -- 1858. In her marriage she had only two daughters. Therefore, Raden Mas Frame Airport appeared as a substitute in age of very old that is 69 years old. VIII Pakubuwono this is the fourth son of IV Pakubuwono born of concubines Raden Ayu Rantamsari.

Dated December 28, 1861 he died, leaving four children, all girls. Only then fell to the throne Duksina Gusti Raden Mas. Son number five Pakubuwono glahir VI yan the eldest of the empress was the graduation date of December 30, 1861 at the age of 31 years, titled Sampeyan Sinuhun ingkang Dalem Kangjeng Pakubuwono susuhunan Senopati Ing Ngalaga Ngabdurahman Sayidin Kaping ingkang Panataga IX.

After his death in 1893, the deceased was replaced IX Pakubuwono son crown that has been prepared since the baby, Raden Mas Gusti Malikul Sayidin Kusna. This is the most important period of revival Surakarta cultural life after a long sunk in heat rebellion, disputes and family disputes. Sinuhun reign Pakubuwono X is the most interesting to watch. In the 46-year period starting 1838 until 1939 This court can ***** arkan cultural life in the middle political power which in turn tends increasingly bleak.

IX Pakubuwono son born Queen consort Kangjeng Paku Buwono this, by her father has set a crown prince styled Duke Kangjeng Gusti Anom Prince Hamangkunagara Sudibya Narendra Rajaputra Mataram since I was 3 years old. As Prince Duke Anom, Malikul Kusna entitled to a salary of about 15.000 guilders per month. Yet this status lasts for 28 year. So that when he was appointed as Sinuhun Paku Buwono X on March 30, 1893, he at least got a great personal wealth more than 5 million guilders, which later many in ditanamkannya various forms of companies in addition to improving the building the palace and public facilities for the interests of the people. In the year - the early years of his reign, the central figure Kasunanan Palace Surakarta is considered trivial by almost all officials Dutch. An assessment of the future will be much later make the Dutch leaders regret the misinterpretation. Many things happened in the early days of government Sunan Pakubuwono X, one of which is an agreement that should he sign On March 30, 1893 which among other things clearly in said that the agreement allows deposed king position if it fails to meet its obligations as set in the agreement. But whether it was true would make Pakubuwono X be fully subject to the Dutch government, is a questionable. Governor-General Van der Jagt ever writes in one report, "He (Pakubuwono X) is 'loyal' to the Government. But the hidden inner instinct ancestor, the instincts of a ruler of East and East soldier. "

READ MORE - History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

READ MORE - History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)

The use of the keris itself scattered in clumps community Malays. commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi), Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, and Philippines (particularly in the Mindanao region). In Mindanao, the form of weapon which is also called the At present, the keriskeris is not much resemblance but also a stabbing weapon.

Keris has a variety of forms, for example, there is a winding blade (berbilang always odd) and some are straight bladed. Javanese people assume different forms have different effects esoteri.

Besides being used as a weapon, the keris is also often considered to have supernatural powers. This weapon is often mentioned in many traditional legends, such as the keris Mpu Gandring in legend of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes.

The procedure to use different keris in each region. In areas such as Javanese and Sundanese, the keris is placed in the back of the waist in peacetime but is placed in front in the war. Meanwhile, in Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, the keris was placed in front.

Kris addition, there are a number of other stabbing weapons in the archipelago region, such as Rencong from Aceh, Badik from Sulawesi and West Java cleaver. Keris distinguished from other stabbing weapons primarily from the blade. Keris is not made from a single metal casted but a mixture of various metal layers. As a result of this manufacturing technique, the keris has a specificity of fame on the blade.

Keris parts
Some terms in this section is taken from the Javanese tradition, simply because the reference is available.

Some experts classify tosan aji keris as stabbing weapons, so the main part of a keris is wilah (bar) or awamnya language is like a knife blade. But because the keris has other fittings, ie the sheath (sarong) and the handle of the keris, or carving, then the unity of all the trimmings is called a keris.
Keris 9-Star Naga-Raja
Dapur: Sengkelat, Pamor: Prambanan, Tangguh: Mataram Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa, 16th--18th century, Number of Luk: 13, Empu: N/A, Virtues: Charisma, popularity, personal magnetism, authoritative bearing, fame, prosperity, luck, etc. Khodam/Tuah: Yes
"Mas Kawin" Remarks: Inlaid gold on the blade. 9 stars on the tail of the Naga, each set with a gem-stone. Scarce design.
Keris is a typical Indonesian stabbing weapon. Based on ancient documents, the keris in preliminary form has been used since the 9th century. Strong likelihood that the keris has been used before that time. culture Indonesian Minister Jero Wacik has brought the keris to UNESCO and requested assurance that this is the cultural heritage of Indonesia.
Keris Pasopati
Dapur: Pasopati, Pamor: Banyu Mili, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: Straight, Empu: N/A, Virtues: Luck, prosperity, attractiveness, social popularity, etc.
Khodam/Tuah: Yes"Mas Kawin"/, Remarks: The pamor is also called "Ilining Warih." The ganja is "Kelap Lintah".
Betok Jalak Budho II
Dapur: Betok Jalak Budho, Pamor: Wulung, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: Straight, Empu: N/A, Virtues: protection; harmonizes the conflicting powers of a collection of kerises--peace-maker; tames kerises that are "violent."
Khodam/Tuah: Yes "Mas Kawin"/, Remarks: The Jalak Budho is, considered as the mother of all kerises--the very first generation; in fact, the very first keris in the world. In every keris, collection this is a must-have as the "leader." The pamor is uncertain.

Keris Panji Paniwen-Luk 15, Dapur : Panji Paniwen-Luk 15, Pamor: Seggoro Mambek/Koro Welang, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: 15, Empu: N/A, Virtues: .Luck, prosperity, wealth, charisma, attractiveness, popularity, etc.
Khodam/Tuah: Yes "Mas Kawin"/ Remarks: The warangka (scabbard) and hulu (hilt) are all made out of metal with embedded pamor material/design. The blade, ganja and hulu have some inlaid silver. This is a rare keris from the Majapahit kingdom--a dalang (shadow puppet-master) from the Yogyakarta keraton was its former keeper.

READ MORE - commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)

READ MORE - commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)