History Sport CB200

Honda CB first entered Indonesia in 1971 with the code Honda CB 100 K1.

At that time, Holder Sole Agent Brand (ATPM) Honda motorcycles are named PT. Federal Motor. Besides the well produced 100 CB type with a capacity greater Engine is 125cc, 175cc, and 200 types cc.Khusus for 175cc and 200cc have a better performance due to using double cylinder. However, in Indonesia more popular due CB100 cheaper price and also easy maintenance.

CB series is the pioneer of motor sport with no 4 engine. Economical but powerful. While other brands were still playing with Engine type 2 tak.Toh, visionary outlook and Futurist management of PT. Federal Motor at the time, proved not to be king benar.4 today. Because the sale of the ATPM dominate.

Within a decade (1971-1981) the total amount of sales Honda CB in the country reached 600 thousand units. When are averaged, the annual sales in the range of 60 thousand unit.Di time, a dominator lokal.Hingga current motor, such as Honda motorcycles has always been lansiran lawas exciting game. Moreover original flow.

In the area Nganjuk, East Java, in fact there opinion: do not admit people have not had a reply Nganjuk CB.

This is reasonable, because in Indonesia, in Nganjuk community is majority owner of the Honda CB.
The Honda CB200K0 was sold in 1974. Two color were available: Tahitian Red and Muscat Green Metallic. The fuel tank had a black rubber insert on top. It was also 2-tone red and green with black panels on each side. The "CB200" side cover emblem was white. The front disc brake was operated by a cable rather than hydraulic lines. The engine was a 198cc 4-stroke parallel twin with a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began CB200-1000001.
The CB200T, also referred to as, CB200T0, was sold in 1975 as a replacement for the CB200K0. It came in two colors: Candy Gold Metallic and Custom Silver Metallic. The fuel tank and side covers are the basic color. The "CB200T" side cover emblem was white and yellow. The front disc brake was cable operated. The engine was a 198cc OHC parallel twin linked to a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began: CB200-2000001.
The CB200T'76 was sold in 1976 with one of two available colors: Parakeet Yellow with Black or Shiny Orange with Black. The fuel tank was the basic color while the side covers were black. The "CB200T" side cover emblem was white and yellow. The front disc brake was cable operated. The engine was a 198cc OHC parallel twin linked to a 5-speed transmission. The serial number began: CB200-2100001.

READ MORE - History Sport CB200

READ MORE - History Sport CB200

History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

This is my first topic on the history and stories I began the story with a story of the history of Java on one of the Palace of in Java. Frankly, I'm really with the historical hobbies Java and all interrelationships. Maybe because I was born as a Java. The founder of the Mataram dynasty or Sutawijaya Panembahan Senapati. Sutawijaya ancestors Ki Ageng Sela is coming from a family ordinary farmers. But by the legend that dituturkatakan Ki Ageng Sela This is not an ordinary citizen periphery. However, one of the village of aspiring to heaven, one of the miracle of the most frequently told by people is that he was able to catch lightning. In one desire in him, Ki Ageng Sela wanted once having offspring that will going back to power in The island of Java, remember that he felt that in itself is still Majapahit blood there. Later, through a granddaughter wants open adoptive, or Karebet Mas Jaka Tingkir, son aka Ki Kebo Kenanga Pengging Ageng.

In married life, Ki Ageng a son During the 7 people each is Nyai Ageng Purungtengah, Nyai Ageng Saba, Nyai Ageng Bangsri, Nyai Ageng Teak, Nyai Ageng Petanen, Nyai Ageng Pakisdadu and the only man and became the youngest in the family called Ki Ageng Ngenis.
Ki Ageng Ngenis down a single son, Ki Ageng Pamanahan and an adopted child Ki Penjawi. As an adult, Pemanahan married to the eldest daughter Saba Nyai Ageng of results marriage to the Prince of Saba, the son of Sunan Giri II. Medium Saba Ageng Nyai youngest born man named Savior Mertani. Like Sultan Pajang Hadiwijaya, Pemanahan and Penjawi and Interpreters Mertani is closest disciples Sunan Kalijaga. Of This close association and Penjawi Pemanahan lives up to the layer became commander of the elite soldiers Palace Wiratamtama Pajai.

Ki Pemanahan has 7 children, 5 of them male. Born eldest named Senopati, taken by the Sultan adopted child Pajang before the Empress, the third daughter of Emperor Trenggana, childbirth Prince Benawa crown prince. In Javanese tradition, husband and wife if they have not had children and then want to have children then according to the story, they should be adopted as memgambil means to conceive. Mataram era began in 1417 when Ki Pemanahan receive huta as a present area of approximately 800 works from the Sultan Pajang because Ki Pemanahan Penangsang killed Arya. Forest given the name Mentaok. Meanwhile participating Penjawi meritorious given the Earth because of his services quell Starch Duke Jipang rebellion.

With the help of farmers from Sela, who had been a Mentaok managed forests are opened and made a new settlement and a change of name by Mataram. Ki Pemanahan position is as landowners while that of farmers in the workers' status as tenants land. In principle this is similar to the relationship gusti - subjects or a gentleman - in the lives of the underprivileged Palace. As a ruler, chose the title Pemanahan Ki Ki Gede Mataram as a proof of his loyalty to Pajai. In the Babad Tanah Jawi told that the Sultan Hadiwijaya basically had initially hesitated Mentaok submit in connection with the prediction of Sunan Giri will be the emergence of a rival kingdom Pajai. Fundamental change occurred during Sutawijaya up replacing father's position and title Panembahan Senapati. Signs eparated from Pajai was demonstrated by the construction of the wall around the city like a palace. Military strength and established urban design and operation of household organization addressed all of the lifting Ki Interpreters Mertani be advisers, leading to an independent form of government.
This move infuriated Pajai. Conflicts of military force is inevitable, and ended with the defeat Pajang and coincided with the death of Sultan Hadiwijaya. Panembahan Senapati rise to power. But the crisis still continues. seizure occurred among the cemetery prince & the Duke. But gak tau gimana-story heritage royal heritage can then be move to the Duchy of Pajang yg adipatinya (Jaka Tingkir) is one of the last Sultan of Demak in-law. ==> Duke this Pajang then with the revelation bhw trust has moved to court Pajang ,..... lifted himself into the Sultan called the posterior Sultan Hadiwijaya ==> * the name that all court pake Javanese Sultanate's name *

Jaka Tingkir Trahing Kesuma potatoes (not a blood biru.red) lifted themselves into the Sultan, of course many is not princes received. But most against the Duke Jipang: Aryo Penangsang. After trying to send a killer to the Palace Running, ... finally declared lack Penangsang Aryo sukaanya openly. And began collecting armies for Pajang opposed. Before the war, they both sempet collected by Sunan Holy. But Sunan Kudus gelembuk've sempet at first i just Aryo penangsang ,..... so that by the time the Holy sunan, seats yg provided for Sultan Hadiwijaya've given tattoo. Brg who sit there get hurt. But thanks to the instructions interpreting Mertani Ki, Managed to allow the Aryo Hadiwijaya seats penangsang yg originally assigned to him ==>
Sunan Kudus not like ya rulers at that time. Sampe now also in the mosque tower & the road to Sunan Kudus, Rajah It was installed in the door. Org-org Purebred mataram here mah not so tough ,...... yg is a villain: D: D So sampe now, government officials, both local officials and center, like the segen Sunan pilgrimage to the holy: (Even through bush called Kudus Kulon area (the area where Sunan Kudus & his family lived) wrote on'm not. Believe it or enggak ,..... an era when the new order, came a wife from government officials to the Holy Center. Previously he was the first dateng udah mau-mau really do not sampe he Holy dilewatin west ,..... did not deliberately time ,..... bgmana whether the story was suddenly all the roads closed (flooding) is not laen choice he had to the Holy dilewatin west. As a result not DOI long down from his post. Eeeh continue nyokap time I wrote it join nemenin proud ,..... he die dlm participate reform hihihiiii; D Kok gue jadi gini sih digress; D've had ah, ... Sori kalo kaco story yaaa udah lama banget abis sih read ,.... entar dibener let ama Mas-benerin Sapta After Pakubuwono died in 1719, Prince Duke Anom Hamangkunagara throne. He chose the title Amangkurat IV as the grandfather rather than the title Pakubuwono II continued his father. This is done because he believe prophecy which states that the use of the title Paku Buwono will result in the division dragged kerator large.

Amangkurat IV, also known as Jawi is not Amangkurat a leader who firmly. Sometimes ambiguous political policy and often led to intrigue. The lack of clarity in his against the Dutch finally made his uncle the Prince Purbaya and Prince Balitar separated from him and then join forces against the Dutch in Surabaya. Amangkurat IV died in 1727 and was succeeded by his son ie Gusti Raden Mas Suyasa born King of the empress Kangjeng Queen Kencana or Kangjeng Ageng Queen, daughter of the Regent Tirtakusuma Duke Spirit. By the time he was wearing his coronation Pakubuwono II and still 16-year-old. II Pakubuwono Dutch anti sebenernya. Wrong one example is he secretly agreed Patih Natakusuma send troops Kartasura secret mission to help Chinese invasion of the Dutch fort in Semarang. Dutch gradually suspect that Pakubuwono II help the raid to cover all possibilities, Paku Buwono II tried to wash your hands with attributing all errors the resulting Natakusuma Patih throw away the Regent to Ceylon.

Capture and disposal of the ministers of the fuel unrest in society anti Company. Them, including including Raden Mas Garendi, grandson Amangkurat III, who later Kartasura led invasion and ultimately make Pakubuwono II run to Ponorogo. Year 1742 was appointed as the Sultan Garendi Amangkurat V or called Sunan Kuning also because of his coronation is supported by the ethnic-skinned yellow, China. In refugee camps, Pakubuwono II in 1743 are willing to accept Dutch military aid offer with a promise that he required to submit the entire coastal areas plus Another area of work 138.422. Kartasura been won back, but unfortunately despite Pakubuwono II to regain his throne, coastal areas have lost his submitted to the Dutch. Assume that Kartasura has lost tuahnya, Susuhunan Paku Buwono II moved the center of his empire to the village of Sala. Keraton new This was completed in 1745 and was named Solo Sultanate.

Toward the end of his reign, Pakubuwono II still had tofacing the defection of some of the immediate family was disappointed and hurt the political policy that gave birth to so many sycophant officers of the Company. Later it is this which will divide the Mataram into four kingdoms. One of the resistance is considered the most threatening is Raden

Mas Said, son of the exiled Prince Mangkunegoro to Ceylon. Prince was the brother of Mangkunegoro Pakubuwono II but different mothers. Mastering Sukowati, Raden Mas Said resistance increasing firmly coupled with assistance from Prince Mangkubumi, brother-in-law who is also younger than Pakubuwono II. However, personal conflicts and ambitions of them have changed daughter-in-law relationship into a bitter feud.

Prince Mangkubumi turned into opponents as Raden Mas Said tempted to present king Sukowati as promised to anyone who can expel Raden Mas Said of the land. Apparently Mangkubumi never received a gift of land in question. Through a sly approach, managed to incite Pringgalaya Patih Governor-General van Imhoff in 1746 GDI yan visit Surakarta. The Regent is a provocation to the Governor-General mementahkan promise and successful king. Hurt humiliated in such a way, Prince Mangkubumi develop resistance from the western edge of Mataram. Amid the chaos, Pakubuwono II fell ill and died at year 1747. Near death, he was forced to surrender all power to the Netherlands. Practical royal sovereignty has tergadaikan without rest at all. Company was in control in the palace, lifting Gusti Raden Mas Suryokusumo as Pakubuwono III on December 15, 1749. Caused the Company to allow the sovereign status in a vacuum during two years, making many nobles and the people of Surakarta then crossed to join the Prince Mangkubumi. Position Prince Mangkubumi getting stronger.

To quell the resistance is finally there was a triangular agreement between the Company, Pakubuwono III and Pangerang Mangkubumi. This Agreement is known as the Treaty of Gianti as implemented in Gianti on February 13, 1755. This event is known as "Palihan Nagari". Agreements what happens is dipecahnya Mataram menajdi two equal parts large, including inheritance and its contents. Pakubuwono III or Sinuhun Swarga obtained with the eastern capital remained in Surakarta Sultanate and Prince Mangkubumi controlled the western part with Sultan Hamengkubuwono I located in Yogyakarta.

The combined power of three parties who had finally reconciled not can be countered by Raden Mas Said. He finally accepted an offer reconciliation of the Company. Treaty of Salatiga in the year 1757, it was agreed Raden Mas Said that receive a portion of Surakarta and styled Duke Kangjeng Gusti Anom Mangkunegoro Prince. Every Mangkunegoro KGPAA week to report to Susuhunan Pakubuwono as a sign of respect. The division of Mataram originally seen by the elite of Java as a resolution while but then realized that perception was wrong later, when each fraction of Mataram palace instead seen growing increasingly well established. This is what led to Pakubuwono IV to intend restore the Surakarta palace area of at least include throughout Central Java.

IV Pakubuwono plan also popular with sebutah Sinuhun Good result was a tense relationship between Yogyakarta - Mangkunegaran - Surakarta and even almost ignited a war brother. The crisis can be ended only in 1799 after Company re-intervention.

In 1808 when HW. Daendels appointed as Governor-General Dutch East Indies, the attributes of sovereignty of the kings of Java revoked by arbitrarily, including fire Sultan Hamengkubuwono II and reduce regional and income of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Daendels pulled back in line with the fall of the Indies Dutch to British hands. New ruler Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (1811 - 1816) was much different. He did the things done by Daendels.

Pakubuwono IV died on October 1, 1820 after ruling for 33 years. His son, Raden Mas Gusti Sugandi replace a V Pakubuwono also known as Sinuhun Sugih. Paku Buwono V only reigned for 3 years and during his reign no important event occurred. Eleven sons born of concubines Raden Ayu Namely Sosrokoesoemo Raden Mas Sapardan Airport, appear to inherit throne and title VI Pakubuwono or popularly known as Wake Sinuhun Tapa. VI Pakubuwono is very anti-Dutch and he secretly many donated funds and weapons to help the rebellion Prince Diponegoro. Secret meeting with the prince of Sultanate of Yogyakarta is often held in secret and with shot in Krewardhana Forest, located on the north side Kasunanan Keraton Surakarta.

When his fellowship with Prince Diponegoro discovered, Paku VI Buwono intend to revolt openly. He to leave the palace and then do a meditation on the Beach South to plead to God's son. This is a big allegation tale disguised, because the understanding is not impossible that the son interpret the desire to regain the earth Mataram. For that reason he was arrested by the Dutch and so exiled to Ambon in the year 1829. Pakubuwono VI died on June 2, 1849. He is recognized as a National Hero. In Jakarta, the name he used as the name of one main street. Throne of the palace fell into the hands of Maliki Gusti Raden Mas Salikin, son to Pakubuwono 23 IV of the Queen consort Kangjeng Kencana. Therefore, VI Pakubuwono not get the son of the Empress, Kangjeng Queen Hemas, who left the ground when exile was pregnant old.

Pakubuwono title VII, Salikin Maliki in power during 1830 -- 1858. In her marriage she had only two daughters. Therefore, Raden Mas Frame Airport appeared as a substitute in age of very old that is 69 years old. VIII Pakubuwono this is the fourth son of IV Pakubuwono born of concubines Raden Ayu Rantamsari.

Dated December 28, 1861 he died, leaving four children, all girls. Only then fell to the throne Duksina Gusti Raden Mas. Son number five Pakubuwono glahir VI yan the eldest of the empress was the graduation date of December 30, 1861 at the age of 31 years, titled Sampeyan Sinuhun ingkang Dalem Kangjeng Pakubuwono susuhunan Senopati Ing Ngalaga Ngabdurahman Sayidin Kaping ingkang Panataga IX.

After his death in 1893, the deceased was replaced IX Pakubuwono son crown that has been prepared since the baby, Raden Mas Gusti Malikul Sayidin Kusna. This is the most important period of revival Surakarta cultural life after a long sunk in heat rebellion, disputes and family disputes. Sinuhun reign Pakubuwono X is the most interesting to watch. In the 46-year period starting 1838 until 1939 This court can ***** arkan cultural life in the middle political power which in turn tends increasingly bleak.

IX Pakubuwono son born Queen consort Kangjeng Paku Buwono this, by her father has set a crown prince styled Duke Kangjeng Gusti Anom Prince Hamangkunagara Sudibya Narendra Rajaputra Mataram since I was 3 years old. As Prince Duke Anom, Malikul Kusna entitled to a salary of about 15.000 guilders per month. Yet this status lasts for 28 year. So that when he was appointed as Sinuhun Paku Buwono X on March 30, 1893, he at least got a great personal wealth more than 5 million guilders, which later many in ditanamkannya various forms of companies in addition to improving the building the palace and public facilities for the interests of the people. In the year - the early years of his reign, the central figure Kasunanan Palace Surakarta is considered trivial by almost all officials Dutch. An assessment of the future will be much later make the Dutch leaders regret the misinterpretation. Many things happened in the early days of government Sunan Pakubuwono X, one of which is an agreement that should he sign On March 30, 1893 which among other things clearly in said that the agreement allows deposed king position if it fails to meet its obligations as set in the agreement. But whether it was true would make Pakubuwono X be fully subject to the Dutch government, is a questionable. Governor-General Van der Jagt ever writes in one report, "He (Pakubuwono X) is 'loyal' to the Government. But the hidden inner instinct ancestor, the instincts of a ruler of East and East soldier. "

READ MORE - History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

READ MORE - History of Java on one of the Palace of in Java

commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)

The use of the keris itself scattered in clumps community Malays. commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi), Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, and Philippines (particularly in the Mindanao region). In Mindanao, the form of weapon which is also called the At present, the keriskeris is not much resemblance but also a stabbing weapon.

Keris has a variety of forms, for example, there is a winding blade (berbilang always odd) and some are straight bladed. Javanese people assume different forms have different effects esoteri.

Besides being used as a weapon, the keris is also often considered to have supernatural powers. This weapon is often mentioned in many traditional legends, such as the keris Mpu Gandring in legend of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes.

The procedure to use different keris in each region. In areas such as Javanese and Sundanese, the keris is placed in the back of the waist in peacetime but is placed in front in the war. Meanwhile, in Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, the keris was placed in front.

Kris addition, there are a number of other stabbing weapons in the archipelago region, such as Rencong from Aceh, Badik from Sulawesi and West Java cleaver. Keris distinguished from other stabbing weapons primarily from the blade. Keris is not made from a single metal casted but a mixture of various metal layers. As a result of this manufacturing technique, the keris has a specificity of fame on the blade.

Keris parts
Some terms in this section is taken from the Javanese tradition, simply because the reference is available.

Some experts classify tosan aji keris as stabbing weapons, so the main part of a keris is wilah (bar) or awamnya language is like a knife blade. But because the keris has other fittings, ie the sheath (sarong) and the handle of the keris, or carving, then the unity of all the trimmings is called a keris.
Keris 9-Star Naga-Raja
Dapur: Sengkelat, Pamor: Prambanan, Tangguh: Mataram Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa, 16th--18th century, Number of Luk: 13, Empu: N/A, Virtues: Charisma, popularity, personal magnetism, authoritative bearing, fame, prosperity, luck, etc. Khodam/Tuah: Yes
"Mas Kawin" Remarks: Inlaid gold on the blade. 9 stars on the tail of the Naga, each set with a gem-stone. Scarce design.
Keris is a typical Indonesian stabbing weapon. Based on ancient documents, the keris in preliminary form has been used since the 9th century. Strong likelihood that the keris has been used before that time. culture Indonesian Minister Jero Wacik has brought the keris to UNESCO and requested assurance that this is the cultural heritage of Indonesia.
Keris Pasopati
Dapur: Pasopati, Pamor: Banyu Mili, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: Straight, Empu: N/A, Virtues: Luck, prosperity, attractiveness, social popularity, etc.
Khodam/Tuah: Yes"Mas Kawin"/, Remarks: The pamor is also called "Ilining Warih." The ganja is "Kelap Lintah".
Betok Jalak Budho II
Dapur: Betok Jalak Budho, Pamor: Wulung, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: Straight, Empu: N/A, Virtues: protection; harmonizes the conflicting powers of a collection of kerises--peace-maker; tames kerises that are "violent."
Khodam/Tuah: Yes "Mas Kawin"/, Remarks: The Jalak Budho is, considered as the mother of all kerises--the very first generation; in fact, the very first keris in the world. In every keris, collection this is a must-have as the "leader." The pamor is uncertain.

Keris Panji Paniwen-Luk 15, Dapur : Panji Paniwen-Luk 15, Pamor: Seggoro Mambek/Koro Welang, Tangguh: Majapahit Kingdom, Java, Period: Circa 13th--15th century, Number of Luk: 15, Empu: N/A, Virtues: .Luck, prosperity, wealth, charisma, attractiveness, popularity, etc.
Khodam/Tuah: Yes "Mas Kawin"/ Remarks: The warangka (scabbard) and hulu (hilt) are all made out of metal with embedded pamor material/design. The blade, ganja and hulu have some inlaid silver. This is a rare keris from the Majapahit kingdom--a dalang (shadow puppet-master) from the Yogyakarta keraton was its former keeper.

READ MORE - commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)

READ MORE - commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura, Bali / Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi)

Put IKRAR KHATULISTIWA emerald NUSANTARA, Linguistic Theories is a statement / oath presented by Gajah Mada

Put IKRAR KHATULISTIWA emerald NUSANTARA
Linguistic Theories is a statement / oath presented by Gajah Mada University on his appointment ceremony to be Amangkubhumi Patih Majapahit, the year 1258 Saka (1336 AD).
Palapa oath is found in Middle Java Pararaton text, which reads,
Sira Gajah Madapatih swing amuktia tan Amangkubhumi palapa, sira Gajah Mada : "lt is lost huwus archipelago isun amukti palapa, seagrass lost ring Gurun, ring Seran, Tanjung Pura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, Samana isun amukti palapa ".
Translation,
Gajah Mada Patih He did not want to release Amangkubumi fast (do not want to enjoy the pleasures of the world). He Gajah Mada, "If you've defeated Nusantara, my (new) off the fast. If beat Desert, Seram, Tanjung Pura, Haru, Pahang, Dompo, Bali, Sunda, Palembang, Tumasik, so I (will) let go fast ".
From the contents of this manuscript can be seen that at the time of Gajah Mada picked up, some areas mentioned in the archipelago have not mastered the oath of Majapahit.

• Desert = Nusa Penida
  
• Seran = Seram
• Tanjung Pura = Kingdom Tanjungpura, Ketapang, West Kalimantan
• Haru = North Sumatra (probably referring to the Karo)
• Pahang = Pahang in Peninsular Malays
• Dompo = an area on the island of Sumbawa
• Bali = Bali
• Sunda = Kingdom of Sunda
• Palembang = Palembang or Sri Wijaya
• Tumasik = Singapore
  

(Source Wikipedia)
The origins of Gajah Mada is still a mystery to everyone. Even the historians who had no life can trace the history of this character. Negarakertagama a lot of the story around the Majapahit began entering this character as Kuti rebellion. And Mpu Prapanca, author of contemporary life with Negarakertagama Gajah Mada.
This paper departs from my curiosity of the origin of Gajah Mada, who was still dark. Who finally spoke to me to try a little research using a search engine facility. Although none of which clearly shows the origin of Gajah Mada. And below is a summary of some freelance writing I have ever read and the discussions I participated in mailing lists, until finally I dare to conclude that Gajah Mada was not a Javanese. Here are the reasons underlying such, I conclude.
Elephants are not animals Javanese
As we we all know, the ancient name is identical or symbolized by the names of animals. King's famous Majapahit, H (chicken) Wuruk own means rooster. Some animal names are commonly used include: Mahesa (cow), Cow, Kebo, Many (Swan) etc..

1. According to Nagarakretagama, Mahesa Cempaka have children Dyah ox named Tal who Dyah Singhamurti and then lowered Raden Wijaya.
2. Ronggolawe, is the son of Ario Ario Many Wiraraja aka Wide Sumenep regent who helped Raden Wijaya as soldiers chased Jayakatwang.
3. Mahesa Anabrang, or also known by the name of Kebo Anabrang and Anabrang ox, is a former Senapati Singasari (Chairman Expedition Pamalayu) who killed Ranggalawe, at the time of Majapahit Ranggalawe rebelled.
4. Dara Petak (literally "White Dove") is the fifth wife of Raden Wijaya, the daughter of the King Shri Tribhuana King of the Kingdom Dharmasraya Mauliwarmadhewa. From her marriage to Raden Wijaya, Dara Petak which gave birth to a son or Sri Jayanegara Kalagemet who succeeded the throne of his father in Majapahit. Among the names that adorned the Majapahit history, even before or after kerajaaan names like that is popular used by the nobility and commoners. Because the animals in their environment. Except for the name of the elephant animals, we found only one name, namely Gajah Mada. Depart from where I dare say if Gajah Mada was not a Javanese. Gajah Mada from Sumatra? The only island in Indonesia that there is a Sumatran elephant. The koservasinya center in Way Kambas, Jambi. And if viewed from the historical record, there is a red thread that can be drawn. As I was writing the above, Dara Petak from Dharmasraya Kingdom. This kingdom was located in Sumatra, such as the following quote I took from Wikipedia.
5. Kingdom Dharmasraya or Selangor Sultanate is a kingdom located in Sumatra, standing around 11th century AD. Location in the south Sawahlunto, West Sumatra today, and in the north of Jambi. The relationship between Mahesa (Kebo) Anabrang, Dara Petak, Dara Orange, Adityawarman and Jayanegara.
6. Suspected strong Anabrang Mahesa is the same person with the character known as Brahman Adwaya or Adwayawarman, father of Adityawarman mentioned in the inscription on Kuburajo I Kuburajo, The Limo, near Batusangkar, West Sumatra. According to Prof. readings. H. Kern, published in 1917, says that the stone inscription was "issued by Adityawarman, who was the son of Indra Adwayawarman of the family. Also stated that Adityawarman became king in Kanakamedini (Swarnadwipa) ".
7. Dara is the daughter of Orange Tribuanaraja Mauliawarmadewa, king of the Kingdom of Dharmasraya and also the brother of Dara Petak. Dara Orange has called sira alaki god - he's a married man who styled the gods - married by Adwaya Brahman, Pamalayu expedition leader.
8. The name of this character is also found in the inscription written on the base Amoghapasa statue, found in Padang Roco, near Sei Langsat, Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra. According to the reading of R. Pitono, says that the statue was a gift of marriage to a nobleman Kertanegara of Singhasari Sumatra, and "together with his retinue and fourteenth saptaratna, was brought from Java to Swarnnabhumi Bhumi" and that "Rakyan Mahamantri Dyah Adwayabrahma" was one of those statues guard.
9. After successfully performing their duties, Mahesa Orange Anabrang bring their families Dara and Dara Petak back to Java to meet Kertanagara, the king who sent him. After arriving in Java, he found that the Kertanagara been killed and the kingdom had been destroyed by Singasari Jayakatwang, king of Kadiri.
10. Therefore, Dara Petak, brother Dara Orange then offered to Raden Wijaya, who then gave the descendants of Raden Kalagemet or Sri Jayanegara, king of Majapahit to-2. In other words, the king of Majapahit to-2 is a nephew and cousin Anabrang Mahesa Adityawarman, founder of the Kingdom of Pagarruyung.
    

Based on the above records, I concluded, as Mahesa Anabrang bring Orange and Dara Dara Petak from Sumatra to Java, Gajah Mada included in the group in charge of guarding the safety of their king's daughter as well as ambassadors of the Kingdom of Darmasraya. Gajah Mada, or even assigned specifically to be a bodyguard for Dara Petak. Who eventually stayed and settled in Majapahit follow his master who became empress king of Majapahit.

READ MORE - Put IKRAR KHATULISTIWA emerald NUSANTARA, Linguistic Theories is a statement / oath presented by Gajah Mada

READ MORE - Put IKRAR KHATULISTIWA emerald NUSANTARA, Linguistic Theories is a statement / oath presented by Gajah Mada

Gloster Gladiator the aircraft was in action almost in all theaters of World War II in a large number of air force

Gloster Gladiator is a double-winged fighter made by the British, used by the Air Force and British Royal Navy (Sea Gladiator variant) and exported to some other countries air forces during the late 1930s. This aircraft is a double-winged aircraft belonged to the RAF and was last seen directly behind the times, even since it was first introduced, with the emergence of new design single wing. Although often clashed with the more powerful opponent in the early days of World War II, this aircraft can do its job well in battle.

The aircraft was in action almost in all theaters of World War II in a large number of air force, some of them are even the Axis air forces. The RAF used in the Battle of France, Norway Campaign, Greek-Italian War, Siege of Malta, and the Anglo-Iraqi War is short (with the Royal Iraqi Air Force also have it). Other countries that use the Gladiator in combat include the Republic of China against Japan, Finland (together with volunteers Sweden) as against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and Continuation War; as well as Norway, Belgium, and Greece during the Axis invasion lasted from the respective their respective homeland.

Marmaduke "Pat" Pattle, from South Africa, is one with the highest''ace''to use aircraft against the Italian aircraft.

Gladiator Gloster Gauntlet was developed by a private business Gloster. The aircraft was designed by a team H.P. Folland's during 1933 as a derivative Gauntlet to meet the specifications F.7/30 (code of the British Air Ministry specification that requiresspeed 250 miles per hour and four machine guns). The aircraft has a closed cockpit one seat, landing gear supports and two propeller blades driven by an air-cooled engine Bristol Mercury.

The first flight in September 1934. On April 3, 1935, the Royal Air Force launch operations evaluations. Three months later, ordered 23 aircraft, followed by fruits in September 186. The first version, Mk I, was sent since July 1936, operating in January 1937. Mk II soon followed, with different engines and metal propellers with three blades from the previous two blades made from raw wood. A modified version of the Mk II, Sea Gladiator, built for the air branch of the Royal Navy Fleet, the retaining hook to land on aircraft carriers. Some 98 Sea Gladiators created or modified, 54 of whom were on duty at the outbreak of war World War II in September 1939.
This aircraft is the last British fighter wing is a double and the first fighter with enclosed cockpit. Gladiator has a maximum speed of about 257 miles per hour (414 km per hour), even when first introduced, its design has started to fade in the shadow of a new generation of single-winged aircraft, such as the Hurricane and Spitfire.

Total of 747 aircraft made (483 RAF, 98 RN; 216 exported to 13 countries, some of which came from the division of the RAF). Gladiator sold to Belgium, the Republic of China, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Iraq, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal, South Africa and Sweden.
In the official RAF, Gladiator mostly been replaced by the Hurricane and Spitfire during World War II, although the two squadrons were used in the Battle of France and Norway Campaign. Later this aircraft served in the campaigns are not important during the early years of World War II. This classic fighter is one of the British aircraft prewar export success, and served in many countries. Gloster Gladiator performing well in the official Finnish Army against fighters of the Soviet Union in the Winter War, but was defeated class of fighter planes Germany in other theaters. Sea Gladiator is based on the carrier's more successful, because the low speed makes it more suitable for operations and aircraft carriers are also less likely to deal with a more modern opponents. In Theaters Africa against Italy, Gladiator takes a lot of enemies.

READ MORE - Gloster Gladiator the aircraft was in action almost in all theaters of World War II in a large number of air force

READ MORE - Gloster Gladiator the aircraft was in action almost in all theaters of World War II in a large number of air force

Sangiran is an archaeological site in Java

Sangiran

Sragen is one of regencies in Central Java province which borders directly with the East Java Province. Thus, Sragen Regency is the gateway into Central Java from the east.

Sragen Regency is also often referred to as "area of Sukowati" which has an area of 941.55 KM 2, with the topography as follows: in the middle flow region Solo River which is the longest river in Java; area south part of the slopes of Mount Lawu; the northern part of Kendeng Mountains and the west is a very popular area with the title "Sangiran Dome".

Located in the village Krikilan, Kec. Kalijambe (+ 40 km from Sragen or + 17 km from Solo) Sangiran Dome save tens of thousands of fossils from the job pleistocen (+ 2 million years ago). Ancient fossils is a 65% early hominid fossils in Indonesia and 50% in the whole world. Until now has been found more than 13,685 fossils in 2931 Fossil Museum, the rest is stored in the warehouse. As the World Heritage List (The World Cultural Heritage). The museum has facilities including: space exhibition (human fossils, ancient animals), laboratory, warehouse fossil, the slides and souvenir stalls Sangiran typical.
Sangiran privilege, according to a study geology experts in ancient times was an expanse of ocean. As a result of geological processes and effects of natural disasters Lawu eruption of Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu, Sangiran becomes Mainland. This is evidenced by the layers of soil-forming regions are very different Sangiran with a layer of soil in other places. Each soil layer was found in the fossils by type and era. For example, fossil animals found in the sea many very bottom layer of soil, once the ocean.
As one of the archaeological heritage, the Museum Sangiran save rare fossils from prehistoric times, is from 1,200,000 to 500,000 years ago. This museum is located in the village Krikilan, about 18 km to the north of Solo. Famous as a place of origin of human ancestors Homo Erectus of Java category, hich early humans could walk upright.

Sangiran is an archaeological site in Java, Indonesia. This area has an area of 48 km ² and is located in Central Java, 15 kilometers north of Surakarta in Solo River valley and is situated at the foot of Mount Lawu. Sangiran administratively located in Sragen regency and district of Karanganyar in Central Java. In 1977, Sangiran determined by the Minister of Education and Culture of Indonesia as a cultural reserve. In 1996 this site is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In 1934 anthropologist Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald began research in the area. In the following years, the results of excavations of fossils from the first human ancestor, Pithecanthropus erectus ( "Java Man"). There are about 60 more fossils of other Meganthropus palaeojavanicus fossils have been found on these sites.

Sangiran in the museum located in this region are also presented ancient human history since about 2 million years ago until 200,000 years ago, that is from when the late Pliocene to late middle Pleistocene. In this museum there is a collection of 13,086 ancient human fossils and the ancient human site stood the most comprehensive in Asia. It can also be found in vertebrate fossils, animal fossils water, rocks, sea plants and fossil stone tools. In the first study, Sangiran is a dome called Sangiran Dome.
Top of the dome is then opened through a process of erosion to form a depression. At that depression can be found in soil layers that contain information about life in the past. "Sangiran Dome" or Sangiran area that has an area along the stretch from the north-south along the 9 km. East-West along the 7 km. Sign in four districts, or approximately 59.3 km2.

Fossil findings in the "Sangiran Dome" in the collected and stored in the Museum Sangiran. The findings in the Sangiran fossils for Ancient Hominid species (thought to be the origin of human evolution) is 50 (Fifty) Type / Individual. For fossils found in the Sangiran area is 50% of the fossil discoveries in the world and is 65% of the findings in Indonesia. Hence by the 20th Session of the World Cultural Heritage Commission in Marida City, Mexico on December 5, 1996, Sangiran Defined as one of the main World Cultural Heritage "World Haritage List" Number: 593.
Sangiran Museum Collection

1. Human fossils, such as Australopithecus africanus, Pithecanthropus mojokertensis (Pithecantropus robustus), Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, Pithecanthropus erectus, Homo soloensis, Homo Neanderthal Europe, Asia Homo Neanderthal and Homo sapiens.
2. Vertebrate fossils, among other namadicus Elephas (elephant), Stegodon trigonocephalus (elephant), Mastodon sp (elephant), palaeokarabau Bubalus (buffalo), Felis palaeojavanica (tiger), Sus sp (pig), Rhinocerus sondaicus (Rhino), Bovidae (cow, bull), and Cervus sp (deer and sheep).
3. Water animal fossils, among others Crocodillus sp (crocodile), fish and crabs, shark teeth, sp Hippopotamus (hippopotamus), molluscs (Pelecypoda and Gastropoda class), Chelonia sp (a turtle), and foraminifera.
4. Rocks, such as meteorite / Taktit, Kalesdon, Diatome, Agate, amethyst
5. Stone tools, such as flakes and blades, and drill drawstring, square axes, stones and axes ball perimbas-penetak.
   

IF Von Koenigswald in 1934 did not set foot on earth Sangiran, this ancient human site may not be as famous as now. Why? Because ever since that visit, Sangiran name appears in the realm of science as the site of discovery of stone tools.

Von Koenigwald long before, in 1893, Eugene Dubois, discoverer of ancient human fossils Sandpipers, had come Sangiran. However, dry and desolate region, less memorable for him. Young doctors who have been assigned to the Dutch East Indies because he wanted to explore the broken chain of human evolution (missing link), originally selected as the location Payakumbuh research, but because it only found the fossils of animals, then switching to Tulungagung and Sandpipers. Sandpipers in the village located on the edge of the Solo River, Java, Dubois found a fossil thigh bones and skulls of early humans called Pithecanthropus erectus, the man walked upright.

Von Koenigswald interested in the tools that are similar to the surface along with animal fossils. This discovery quickly expanded thanks to the publication of Our Raffles Museum, ingapore, called the Sangiran Flake Industry. Axis deer fossil discoveries are seen as lydekkeri fauna typical Sandpipers assured, that the tools tufa flakes of material kersikan, jasper, and Chalcedon was an ancient man-made Homo erectus, which then challenged the opinion of other researchers.

Koenigswald discovery early in Sangiran becomes an interminable series of findings. Two years later, residents found the lower jaw of an ancient human fossils in layers at Sangiran Top Pucangan, following the other fossils in the following years. Present invention has reached approximately 60 individuals by early humans, is spread on the land area of Sragen regency occupies the north and south of Karanganyar District. The total number has exceeded 50 percent of all ancient human fossil discoveries in the world.

Just FYI, the same site only about a count of fingers in the world. In Asia is limited in China, India, and Indonesia. In Europe is found in Germany, France, Russia, and recently in England. African continent is more prominent with the older usability, among others in Ethiopia, Kenya and South Africa. Indonesia not only has Sangiran, but also other sites along the Solo River flow, as Sambungmacan, Sandpipers, Ngawi and Ngandong. The rest are found in Kedungbrubus, Patiayam, and Perning.

Sangiran Dilemma On the one hand, Sangiran has talked a lot about the life of ancient Java. However, on the other hand, leaving the sheet story is still buried in the ground. Sangiran are endless fields of research. Almost 70 years since its discovery, research on this site as if there is no end. Sangiran, including a unique site, behind its potential, this site offers research with a high difficulty level. See the vast region, there layers of fossils, and artifacts that reach tens of meters thickness, condition is very difficult to obtain complete data research. Not to mention the process of sedimentation of the river that forms a layer, has removed the remains of the original context.

High content of sand that makes the site very susceptible to erosion and landslides, the most frequently brought to the surface of the fossil. Not surprisingly, the heavy rain appeared to have better than fossil excavation activities, because it will rain erodes the entire surface sites simultaneously and causelandslide disaster on the cliffs, while the excavation is only dwelling on a piece of land with limited depth. Fossil hunters quite understand this condition, so that in each of their rain through the cliffs in the area of farming, in order to find exposed fossils.

It seems Von Koenigswald teaching about fossil introduction decades ago, lasted until the present generation. Knowledge of high economic value to encourage them to sell the fossils to collectors rather than hand them over to the government. Such practice has become one of the difficult constraints eradicated in the protection of cultural conservation bodies Sangiran.

Millions of years Based on the evidence per calendar, early humans had lived Homo erectus Sangiran (Java) since the early Pleistocene (about 1.8 million years) to hundreds of thousands of years ago (late Middle Pleistocene). If the theory out of Africa, this Java early humans from Africa. Since 2.5 million years ago they left Africa: some to Europe and some are to China and Indonesia after passing through India. They are expected to enter Indonesia through land bridge that formed when the sea water receded at glacial period.Very impressive, they live from generation to generation for millions of years in Sangiran. The availability of environmental resources (animals, plants) to be answered.
This assumption is no doubt if they see the existence of animal fossils are scattered in the soil layers Sangiran. These early humans inhabiting Sangiran expected after low tide, or at least when Sangiran has become a swamp and part of the mainland. Fossil turtles, herbivores, elephant species stegedon, pigs, and monkeys are found in layers Pucangan-formed about 1.7 million years ago-a staple food, in addition to marsh biota and plants around him.

Sangiran natural environment more supportive of human life early when the entire region Solo depression has become the mainland since 800,000 years ago. Various types of plants and animals are available at the time expected, as evidenced by the findings in Kabuh layer. In this period of carnivores and antilope quite prominent, in addition to other animals that have existed in the previous period. Arrest made over the hunting of animals by using wood and stone tools. If the stone tools have survived until now, tools have been destroyed wooden timeless.

A new sheet of Sangiran filled by discoveries of stone tools in the last decade of research. If the findings Koenigswald and others are still in doubt as tools of Homo erectus, the findings-French team in Indonesia and Ngebung Yogyakarta Archaeological Center-Center for Archaeological Research in Dayu and Ngledok, doubts have been eliminated. Chip equipment, pembelah ax, ax perimbas, ball stone, broken stones, and stones together at animal fossils found in layers Kabuh, on the banks of ancient river deposits in Ngebung and tools in the shale layer in Dayu explain grenzbank equipment It belongs to Homo erectus who lived about 900000-500000 years ago. Thanks to this discovery proved, Sangiran early humans, like other early humans in the world, have been using stone tools to make ends meet.

Prospect development Sangiran remains of wealth has led to the most important sites in the search history of humanity and civilization. His role becomes more important when considering deserting similar sites in the world. Interest is at the basis of consideration for ratifying the UNESCO as world cultural heritage in 1996. This ratification brings a change in the position of a site that not only held on local-national interests, but also the interests of the world held.

Another consequence of the site requires high professionalism in management, in line with the management of cultural heritage in the world. The central government seems to have established such a development center that is integral to handle the research, preservation, dissemination, and utilization of this site. Location is very ideal institution in the museum today with expand become an international complex. Besides offices, the complex was built a modern museum, complete laboratory, conference room, and garden tours. Development of integrated management of this complex reflects our seriousness as a nation that has a great appreciation of the Sangiran, and manage it well for the development of science and public interest around .

READ MORE - Sangiran is an archaeological site in Java

READ MORE - Sangiran is an archaeological site in Java

2010 Harley-Davidson Heritage Softail Classic FLSTC

Chassis Harley-Davidson

Frame Mild steel tubular frame; rectangular section backbone; stamped, cast, and forged junctions; forged fender supports; MIG welded
Swingarm Mild steel, round tube sections, forged junctions; MIG welded
Front Forks 41.30 mm telescopic, "beer can" covers
Rear Shocks Hidden, horizontal-mounted, coil-over
Wheels7 (Chrome, Profile Laced Aluminum option): Chrome, Laced Steel

• Front 16 in. x 3 in. (406.40 mm x 76.20 mm)
• Rear 16 in. x 3 in. (406.40 mm x 76.20 mm)
  

Brakes:

• Caliper Type 4-piston front and 2-piston rear
• Rotor Type (diameter x width): Patented, uniform expansion rotors
• Front (floating) 11.50 in. x .20 in. (292.10 mm x 5.08 mm)
• Rear 11.50 in. x .23 in. (292.10 mm x 5.84 mm)
  

Suspension Travel:

• Front Wheel 5.10 in. (129.54 mm)
• Rear Wheel 4.30 in. (109.22 mm)
  

Performance
Engine Torque (per SAE J1349) :

• North America 92.20 ft. lbs. @ 3000 rpm (125.0 Nm @ 3000 rpm)

Lean Angle (per SAE J1168) :

• Right 24.4°
• Left 25.9°
  

Electric
Battery (per Battery Council International Rating) Sealed, maintenance-free, 12V, 19-amp/hour, 270 cca
Charging Three-phase, 38-amp system (439W @ 13V, 2000 rpm, 489W max power @ 13V)
Starting 1.2 kW electric with solenoid shift starter motor engagement
Lights (as per country regulation):

• Headlamp (quartz halogen) 55-watt low beam, 60-watt high beam
• Tail/Stop Lights 8W/28W (5W/21W)
• Turn Signal Lights 28W (21W) self-canceling
• Indicator Lamps High beam, front fender running lights, neutral, low oil pressure, turn signals, engine diagnostics, security system8 (optional), 6-speed, low fuel warnings
  

Color Options
Solids

• Vivid Black
• Scarlet Red
• Brilliant Silver Pearl
• Flame Blue Pearl
• Red Hot Sunglo
  

Two-Tones

• Flame Blue Pearl/Brilliant Silver Pearl

Custom Colors

• Merlot Sunglo/Cherry Red Sunglo
• White Ice Pearl/Black Ice Pearl
  

Dimensions
Length 94.50 in. (2400.30 mm)
Overall Width 37.60 in. (955.04 mm)
Overall Height 55.20 in. (1402.08 mm)
Seat Height:

• Laden2 25.50 in. (647.70 mm)
• Unladen 27.10 in. (688.34 mm)
  

Ground Clearance 5.10 in. (129.54 mm)
Rake (steering head) 31°
Fork Angle 31°
Trail 5.80 in. (147.32 mm)
Wheelbase 64.50 in. (1638.30 mm)
Tires (Dunlop® Harley-Davidson Series, bias blackwall front and rear):

• Front - D402F MT90B16 72H
• Rear - D401 150/80B16 71H
  

Fuel Capacity 5 gal. (18.93 L) (warning light at approximately 1 gal.)
Oil Capacity (w/filter) 3.50 qts. (3.31 L)
Transmission Capacity 1 qts. (0.95 L)
Primary Chain Case Capacity3 1 qts. (0.95 L)
Weight:

• As Shipped 730 lbs. (331.13 kg)
• In Running Order 761.25 lbs. (345.30 kg)
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 1160 lbs. (526.18 kg)
• Gross Axle Weight Rating:
• Front 430 lbs. (195.05 kg)
• Rear 730 lbs. (331.13 kg)
  

READ MORE - 2010 Harley-Davidson Heritage Softail Classic FLSTC

READ MORE - 2010 Harley-Davidson Heritage Softail Classic FLSTC

Ancient Bicycle

ancient bicycle transportation simple to use human power to drive the motion of the coiled chains in one of the driving wheel by using the human foot.

Its serial number 58,334, frame size 660mm, Gazelle rear tires from Vredestein made before the war (1937) and still be able to climb despite being glued to the pelk.

Bicycle model earlier times, a very antique Simplex branded Seri8, Lights: BOSCH GERMANY Dinamo: BOSCH GERMANY, Standard: KOBA JAPAN, Stang / Stir: CHINA.

READ MORE - Ancient Bicycle

READ MORE - Ancient Bicycle