Minggu, 30 September 2012

MAQAM

MAQAM (Stasiun) Taubat sudah dikemukakan Jumat lalu. Maka pembinaan Akhlak yang lain dalam tasawuf bernama Zuhd (Zuhud), artinya membelakangi dunia. Pengertian tersebut tidak arif, karena kita masih hidup di dunia. Yang benar, karena tujuan mencari kesucian, ialah tidak gila dunia, tapi juga tidak membencinya. Dunia ini dihadapi apa adanya.. Harus berjuang menghadapinya,tapi bukan menjadi tujuan primer. Peranannya tidak lebih sebagai sasaran antara untuk mencapai kebahagiaan akhirat.Bukan seperti yang disebut orang ( Hadis dha’if) Ta’isyu abada (Akan hidup selama-lamanya). 

Karena falsafah dha’if yang dianut, banyak orang Terjatuh kehancurkan dan hidup korup, dengan mengejar harta 7 turunan, dan menghidupkan kapitalisme. Pada abad I dan II H, Tasawuf belum dikenal. Tapi sudah ada bibit-bibit praktek sebagian sahabat dan melahirkan profil maqam Zuhud (Zahid) dari Hasan Basri, namun . tidak persis zuhudnya. yang dikenal sufi (tarekat) sekarang. 
(1) Zuhud Hasan Basri dan sahabat waktu itu bentuknya amaliah, (praktek kongkret) dengan fase tasawuf yang lain, yaitu tidak menganut salah satu teori atau kaedah tertentu. 
(2) Ciri utamanya hanya meladeni kaum yang saleh. 
(3) Dasar dan sumber asasinya adalah Al-Quran, Sunnah dan Sahabatnya. 
(4) Pada fase ini Zuhud belum terpengaruh dari luar Islam. 

Pada paruh III H, sufi yang mulanya praktek perseorangan, berubah dan meng organisasikan diri dalam kelompok, dengan nama tarekat ( jalan )..Setiap tarekat, mempunyai Mursyid ( Pembimbing ) dan semua muurid, wajib tunduk kepadanya. Akibatnya, melahirkan fanatisme buta yang negative, karena tidak mau lagi mendengar dakwah Syekh lain, yang kapasitas keilmuannya lebih tinggi, dibandingkan Mursyidnya.Zuhud mereka membenci dunia, akhirnya jatuh miskin dan membawa kemunduran dan kemalasan, karena hanya tinggal bertasbih di dalam mesjid. Cara ritual yang semacam ini, sangat dibenci oleh Umar, sehingga pernah terjadi, Umar mengusir mereka yang hanya tinggal bertasbih dalam Mesjid dan tidak pergi mencari rezeki, untuk isteri dan anaknya. Cara zuhud seperti ini bertentangan Al-Quran yang berbunyi “ FANTASYIRU FIL ARDHI ” ( Kalau selesai salat, maka bertebaranlah kamu di muka bumi mencari kurnia Allah ( QS. Al-Jum’ah 1O ). Juga bertentangan ayat lain “ Dan carilah yang diberikan Allah kepadamu, kampung akhirat dan janganlah kamu lupakan nasibmu di dunia dan berbuat baiklah kepada Allah, sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik kepadamu (Q.S. Al- Qasas 77) Ayat ini diperkuat oleh hadis yang berbunyi (artinya) : Bukanlah orang yang terbaik diantara kalian, jika meninggalkan dunianya, untuk urusan akhiratnya. Tapi yang terbaik, diantara kalian, ialah orang yang mengambil dunia dan akhiratnya, secara bersama-sama.(HR.Ahmad). Ketika Rasul mendengar ada seorang sahabat yang puasa terus dan tidak mau berbuka sampai malam, Rasul berkata “ Siapakah yang memerintahkan untuk menyiksa diri, ? !. (Beliau mengulang 3 kali). (HR.Ahmad). Yang mendorong adanya Zuhud menurut Al-Quran, “ Dan tiadalah kehidupan dunia ini, melainkan sendagurau dan main-main. Dan sesungguhnya, akhirat itulah yang sebenarnya kehidupan, kalau mereka mengetahui.(QS. Al- Ankabut 64). Diperkuat ayat lain :”Dijadikan indah pada pandangan manusia, kecintaan kepada apa yang diingini, yaitu : wanita-wanita, anak-anak, harta yang banyak, dari jenis emas dan perak, kuda pilihan, binatang ternak dan sawah ladang. Itulah kenikmatan hidup di dunia, (tapi) disisi Allah adalah tempat yang terbaik (surga) (QS. Ali Imran 14). Menurut Tafsir Nur Al-Qur’an :Kecintaan kepada perempuan yang berketurunan dengan anak yang pintar sebagai kewajaran bagi manusia. 

Karena wanita adalah daya tariknya sangat tinggi. Terkadang dari hal yang wajar, tapi akibat bisikan setan dan orang-orang disekitar kita, gampang mendatangkan bencana. Sebab itu perempuan harus dijaga, diawasi dan dipelihara dengan arif. Terlalu ketat patah, terlalu longgar, menghanyutkan. Itu sebab, waktu Rasul hendak wafat “ yang diwasiatkan umatnya “ Jagalah kaum wanita dan jagalah salat 5 waktu, kalau wanita tidak dijaga, hancur Negara dan kalau salat tidak dijaga hancurlah agama. Di lain hadisnya “ Aku rindu dunia ialah kaum wanita, wangi-wangian an ketenangan mataku, dalam melakukan salat. Jadi, makna nikmat yang bagaimanapun di dunia, jauh masih lebih unggul bersama Allah di akhirat, sebagai tempat tinggal yang lebih baik dan abadi. Sebab itu dunia bukan hidup yang sebenarnya. (hal 117) Alhasil dari kedua ayat dan hadis, tidak ada satupun yang memerintahkan, membenci dunia. Hanya memperingati, bahwa kehidupan dunia ini adalah ilusi dan fatamorgana dan tidak mungkin hidup puas, karena nanti diakhiratlah hidup yang sebenarnya. Jadi, zuhud menurut Al- Qur’an, boleh kaya dan memiliki semua kecenderungan, sesuai ayat diatas, asal memperolehnya dengan wajar ( halal ) dan selalu mengeluarkan sebagiannya untuk zakat infak dan sadakah. Syukur: Syukur artinya berterima kasih,dan menempatkan segala pemberian Allah kepada yang diridhaiNya. Dalam Al-Qur’an ada beberapa ayat betapa perlunya bersyukur sesudah hidup zuhud “ Dan Allah mengeluarkan kamu dari perut ibumu, dalam keadaan tidak mengetahui sesuatupun, dan Dia memberi kamu pendengaran, penglihatan dan hati, agar kamu bersyukur.(QS. 16 : 78). Menurut ulama Tafsir, kesyukuran pertama bagi manusia, karena diberi hidup dunia yang dilengkapi saranan pendengaran, penglihatan dan hati yang menyebabkan dapat beriman, berilmu, bekerja dan berusaha, selanjutkan hidup dunia dibawah asuhan dan buaian orangtuanya yang mendidik bertahun-tahun sampai menjadi dewasa. Yaitu karena memberi fasilitas berupa kekayaan dunia. Agar kekayaan berlanjut diakhirat yang lebih baik, maka diharuskan selalu bersyukur kepadaNya. Penyiksaan dan penderitaan yang dialami manusia, baik didunia atau diakhirat kelak, akibat ulah manusia sendiri, jika tidak pandai bersyukur dan memanfaatkan kekayaan alam yang disediakan lebih dahulu. Menurut Zubrat Tafsir, ayat diatas menjelaskan agar kita syukuri denmgan kelahiran melalui perantaraan ibu. Disamping itu, hendaknya selalu menyadari, bagaimana keadaan diri sewaktu masih kecil, pada mulanya tidak mengetahui sesuatu, kemudian dilengkapi sarana yang dapat merekam ilmu dan teknologi, sehingga berprestasi. Artinya, agar semua pemberian itu dihargai. Lalu pemberian amanah seperti itu disyukuri dengan jalan mengamalkannya pemberian kepada yang diridhaiNya, dan bukan sebaliknya. Sesuai syariat, sebagai petunjuk, karena orang yang tidak bersyukur, menyebabkan datangnya penderitaan, (siksaan) dengan tiba-tiba dan berkepanjangan. Disebutkan Al-Qur’an “ Tuhan tidak akan menyiksa kamu, selama kamu tetap dalam iman dan selalu dalam syukur.Dan Allah Maha Mensyukuri lagi Maha Mengetahi (QS. 4: 147). Ulama Tafsir menjelaskan, tidak mungkin Tuhan memberikan siksaan dan penderitaan (musibah) kepada hambaNya selama hamba itu memegang teguh iman dan selalu mensyukuri pemberianNya. Dikiaskan, penderitaan yang dialami di tanah air sekarang, secara berentetan seperti kata orang, kayaknya sudah seperti arisan, adalah termasuk ulah manusia sendiri yang menyia-nyiakan pemberian, yang tidak menyalurkan kepada yang diridhaiNya. 

 Tawakal : Zunnun Al-Misri menyebutkan yang disebut tawakal, “ Melepaskan diri dari bantuan dan meninggalkan sebab-sebab”.( 264). Dalam Al- Qur’an, disebutkan berapa ayat : 1) Dan hanya Allah hendaknya kamu bertawakal, jika kamu benar-benar orang mukmin ( QS. Al-Maidah 23) 2) Dan hanya kepada Allah saja, orang-orang bertawakal itu, berserah diri. ( QS. 14:12) 3) Barangsiapa bertawakal kepada Allah, niscaya Allah mencukupkan keperluannya (QS.Al-Thalaq 3) Tawakal menurut sufi ada 3 derajat: Pertama, yaitu keyakinan seseorang akan tanggung jawab dan pemeliharaan Allah, sama keyakina tangan kanannya (orang kepercayaannya) Kedua, derajat lebih tinggi dari yang pertama. Ketiga, yang tertinggi, yaitu memposisikan diri dihadapan Allah, ibarat mayit dengan posisi yang memandikannya. Tawakal pertama masih melakukan usaha. Kedua, hanya berdoa. Ketiga, tidak lagi berusaha dan berdoa (meminta). Tawakal yang benar, sesuai Al-Qur’an, ialah tawakal yang tetap ada usaha, meminta (doa) dan beramal (bekerja). Disebut Al-Qur’an Fantasyiru ( jika selesai salat, bertebaranlah kamu dimuka bumi (QS.Al-Jum’ah 1O).
READ MORE - MAQAM
READ MORE - MAQAM

Minggu, 23 September 2012

Candi Sambisari

Candi Sambisari
Nothing strange feeling that descend Karyowinangun on a morning in 1966. But a rare occurrence experienced in the field at that time, when you're swinging the spade into the ground. Hoe who swung to the ground hit a large rock after having seen carvings on its surface. Karyowinangun and residents were surprised by the presence of stone blocks. Department aware of any archaeological findings was soon to come and the next set of rice acreage Karyowinangun as ancient sanctuary. Carved stone found was supposed to be part of the temple were probably buried under rice acreage. Excavations carried out ended up finding hundreds of other boulders with ancient statues. And true enough, the stones were indeed a component of a temple. Hose 21 years later, finally able to enjoy the beauty of the temple. The temple building that stands majestically named Sambisari Sambisari Hamlet, Village Purwomartani, Kalasan District, Sleman, 10 kilometers from the city center. You can reach by driving through the Yogya-Solo cross to find signposts to this temple. Next, you just turn left follow the flow path. YogYES surprised when he arrived at the temple area. When direct view into the center of the temple area, it just looks as if the roof stone structure plays only a few meters above the ground. YogYES wondering, is it true that only a small Sambisari it? After the close, then we got the answer. Apparently, Sambisari is 6.5 meters lower than the surrounding area. Sambisari probably built between the years 812-838 AD, probably during the reign of Rakai Garung. The temple complex consists of 1 parent and 3 temples temples companion. There are two fences surrounding the temple complex, the fence has been restored completely, while the other one is only displayed little fence to the east of the temple. Still as a barrier, there are 8 pole phallus scattered in every direction of the wind. The main temple building is unique because it has no base like other temples in Java. Foot of the temple also functions as a base so it is parallel with the ground. The foot of the temple left plain, without any reliefs or decorations. Various decorations are generally in the form of new simbar found on the body to the outside of the temple top. The decoration was fleeting as batik motifs. Climb the stairs of the main temple entrance, you can find an ornament of a lion is in the mouth of makara (animal magic in Hindu mythology) that open. Figure makara in Sambisari and an evolution of the form of makara in India which could be a combination of elephants with fish or crocodile with a bent tail. 1 meter wide corridor will be met after passing through the last step of the main temple entrance. Surrounds it, you will find three niches each containing a statue. On the north side, there is a statue of Goddess Durga (Shiva's wife) with 8 arms, each holding a weapon. While on the east side there is a statue of Ganesha (son of Goddess Durga). On the south side, there is a statue of Agastya with aksamala (beads) were worn around the neck. Entering the main chamber of the main temple, we can see the phallus and yoni is large enough, roughly 1.5 meters. Its presence indicates that the temple was built as a place of worship of Lord Shiva. Phallus and yoni in the main temple chamber is also used to make holy water. Typically, water is poured on the linga and allowed to flow through a small ditch on the yoni, and then collected in a container. Exit the temple and head west, you can see the three ancillary temples (companion) facing the opposite direction. There are allegations that these ancillary temples intentionally built without a roof for when the excavation was discovered the roof rocks. The temples have ancillary central square pedestal decorated with dragons and Padmasana (lotus flower) spherical convex on it. Chances are, Padmasana and pedestal used as a statue or offerings. When you have been content to enjoy the beauty of the temple, you can go to the information. Some photos depicting the Karyowinangun field before the temple excavated and initial conditions when found can be found. There are also photographs of the excavation and reconstruction of the temple that lasted for tens of years, including photographs of other objects found during the excavation, in the form of bronze statues that are kept in the Archaeological Heritage Preservation Hall. Sambisari beauty that now we can enjoy is the result of hard work of the archaeologist for 21 years. The temple was originally like a giant puzzle, piece by piece sustainability reassembled after another glorious cultural heritage of the past.
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READ MORE - Candi Sambisari

Candi Plaosan

Candi Plaosan
You do not need to rush back to the lodge after a visit to Prambanan temple, for not far from the Hindu temple in the world that you will also find other temples are just as entertaining. Drove to the north as far as 1 km, you will see Plaosan, a temple built by Rakai Pikatan to the queen, Pramudyawardani. Located in the Village District Bugisan Prambanan temple architecture is a blend of Hindu and Buddhist.


Plaosan complex is divided into two groups, namely Plaosan Plaosan Lor and South. Second temple has a rectangular patio that is surrounded by a wall, which shaped meditation substation in the west and the stupa on the other. Because of the similarities, the appearance Plaosan Lor and the South is almost identical when viewed from a distance so far Plaosan Temple is also often called the twin temples.

Lor Plaosan building has a central courtyard surrounded by a wall with the entrance on the west. At the center of the page there is a hall measuring 21.62 mx 19 m. In the eastern part of the pavilion, there are 3 pieces of the altar, the altar north, east and south. Preview Amitbha, Ratnasambhava, Vairocana, and Aksobya found in eastern altar. Stupa Samantabadhara and Ksitigarbha figure in northern altar, while Manjusri picture found in western altar.

South Plaosan temple also has a pavilion in the center surrounded by 8 small temples are divided into 2 levels and each level consists of 4 temples. There is also a picture Amitbha Tathagata, Vajrapani with vajra attribute Utpala Prajnaparamita is considered the "mother of all Buddhas". Some other pictures can still be found but not in place of the original. Manujri figure which, according to a Dutch scientist named Krom is significant also found.

Part Bas reliefs of this temple has a unique picture of men and women. There is a man who is depicted sitting cross-legged with his hands and figures he worshiped with vara mudra hand and a vase at the foot of a man surrounded by six smaller ones. A woman was pictured standing with vara mudra hand, while there are books around him, pallet and vases. Krom argued that the figures he was the picture of her patron supporter of the two temples.

The entire complex has 116 stupas Plaosan ancillary and 50 ancillary temples. Ancillary stupas can be seen on all sides of the main temple, as well as ancillary temples are smaller. When walking to the north, you can see the open structure called Mandapa. Two inscriptions can also be found, the inscription on the gold coins in the north of the main temple and an inscription written on a stone in the first row Perwara.

One of the particularities Plaosan is a smooth surface of the terrace. Google Chrome is different temple terrace terrace other temples built in the same period. According to him, it is related to the function of the temple at the time suspected to save the canonical texts of Buddhist monks. Another suggestion that came from the Dutch scientists, if the number of priests in the area a little then maybe porch was used as a temple (Buddhist temples).

If you look around the temple, you will know that Plaosan actually a vast temple complex. It can be seen from the perimeter fence along 460 m from north to south and 290 meters from west to east, as well as interior fence consisting of trenches along 440 m from north to south and 270 meters from west to east. Trenches that make up the interior of the fence can be seen by walking eastwards through the middle of this historic building.
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READ MORE - Candi Plaosan

CANDI TARA

CANDI TARA
Many people always mention when talking about building Borobudur Buddhist temple. In fact, there are many Buddhist-style temple located in Yogyakarta, one of which is closely related to the Borobudur Temple Tara. The temple is located in Kalibening, Kalasan was built by the same drafter Borobudur, the Rakai Panangkaran. Because of its location in the Kalasan, the temple is better known as Kalasan. It was completed in 778 AD, the temple Tara became the oldest Buddhist temple in Yogyakarta. The temple which stood not far from Yogya Solo Road was built as a tribute to the marriage of the Sanjaya Dynasty Pancapana by Dyah Pramudya Ward of the Sailendra dynasty. Besides as a wedding gift, the temple was also a response to the king's proposal to build another shrine to the goddess Tara and convents for priests. Tara Temple is a building shaped square base with each side measuring 45 meters high and 34 meters. Building vertically temple consists of three parts, namely temple foot, temple body and temple roof. The foot of the temple is a building that stands on a square stone base and a wide stone. In that section there is a staircase with makara ornament at the end. Meanwhile, around the foot of the temple there are ornate tendrils coming out of a pot. The temple has the appearance that juts out in the middle. On the outer surface of the body of the temple there is a niche decorated with the figure of the god who holds a lotus flower in a standing position. Part tenggaranya had a booth in which there is a throne decorated with motifs backed lion standing on the backs of elephants. Booths can be entered from the booth viewer contained on the east side. The roof of the temple is octagonal and consists of two levels. A Buddhist statues depicting humans are on the first level while the second level there are statues depicting Buddha Yani. The top of the temple in the form of a square symbolizing Semeru with a decorative highlight of stupas. At the border of the body with the roof of the temple there is a temple flower Khayangan bodied creatures dwarf called Gana. If you look at the detail of the temple, you will also find beautiful reliefs on the surface. For example, relief gods trees and clouds and their occupants Khayangan being played sounds. The residents Khayangan it brings fiddle, clams and camara. There is also a picture of the flower buds, leaves and tendrils. Relief at Tara Temple is distinctive because it is lined with ancient cement called Brajalepha, made from the sap of certain trees. Around the temple there are stupas with about 4.6 m totaling 52 pieces. Although stupas were no longer intact because it was impossible assembled parts intact, you can still enjoy it. Visiting temples history of the temple is known by the lettered inscription Panagari, you will increasingly recognize the greatness of Rakai Panangkaran had even built a shrine in Thailand. The temple is also a proof that in the past there have been attempts to reconcile religion with one another. Evidently, Panangkaran Hindu temple built on a proposal Tara Buddhist monks and dedicated to the well Pancapana Buddhist. The temple is also the one that became a shrine that inspired Atisha, a Buddhist from India who had visited Borobudur and spread Buddhism to Tibet.
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READ MORE - CANDI TARA

Candi Gamping


Candi Gamping
Not all temples have a distinctive beautiful relief because generally only decorated by statues and reliefs that are common in almost all temples. One of the beautiful relief is typical temple was, a temple was accidentally discovered by a brick craftsman in Gampingan Village, Piyungan, Bantul in 1995. Despite its small size and was no longer intact, the temple was still rich in charming relief.

One of the reliefs that can be found in this temple are animal relief at the foot of the temple. Relief animal looks so natural that can be known animal species depicted. Quite rare temples have such relief, at least just Mendut Prambanan and are known to have a similar relief. All relief is decorated with tendrils background, ie padmamula (lotus plant roots) are believed to be the source of life.

When YogYES around, looking kind of animal is a bird that dominates. There is relief that crows seem to have a large beak, sturdy body, the wing inflates upward and fan-shaped tail. There are also reliefs depicted woodpecker has a crest on its head, beak rather long, pointed wings and do not inflate. In addition, there is also a rooster that had a chest swelled and fluffy wings down.

Making reliefs of birds in large quantities in this temple relates to community belief in transcendental power of birds. It is believed, the bird is a manifestation of the gods as well as the messenger of the gods or nature nirvana. Birds are also associated with absolute freedom achieved after successful man left the world, a symbol of the human soul separated from his body.

Relief animal that is often described is a frog. The community believed that the frogs have supernatural powers that can bring rain, so the frog is also believed to increase productivity, the rain brought frogs could improve crop yields. Frogs often emerge from the water also symbolizes the renewal of life and resurrection to a better direction.

Until now, the relief still leaves the question of whether a fable (animal story fairy tale to children) as Mendut animal or picture that deliberately to show purposeful. The question arises because the description of the animals in the temple was not found in books containing fables, such as the Jataka, Sukasaptati, Pancatantra and derivative versions.

The temple was probably built between the years 730-850 AD is believed to be the temple of the god Jambhala (God of fortune, the son of Lord Shiva). It was based on the discovery of Arca Jambhala when extracting. Jambhala described as being in a state of trance, her eyes closed while sitting cross-legged. The body was decorated by iconographical elements (asanas) which has the form of a lotus leaf symbol are 8 pieces as chakras in the human body.

Figure Jambhala in this temple is different from those in other temples. Generally, Jambhala other temples depicted with wide eyes staring devotees accompanied with a variety of ornaments that symbolize wealth and luxury. It is believed, based on the depiction of these different motivations worship, not to invoke prosperity but guidance in order to achieve true happiness.

Visiting the temple was going to lead us to rethink about the path we have taken to achieve happiness and prosperity. Relief dominated by animals that live in the surrounding environment could be the realization of local wisdom that era in representing a message of nirvana: to prosper and avoid disaster, people should maintain harmony with nature.
READ MORE - Candi Gamping
READ MORE - Candi Gamping

Candi Mendut

Candi Mendut located 3 km to the east of the temple of Borobudur, a Buddhist temple built in 824 AD by King Sense of Sailendra dynasty. In the Mendut there are 3 (three) big statue. Cakyamuni who was sitting cross-legged with the position of the hand turning the wheel of dharma. Awalokiteswara as Bodhi Satwa help humanity Awalokiteswara an Amitabha statue that is above the crown, Vajrapani. She is holding a red lotus flower is placed in the palm of the hand. Maitreya as the future savior of the human There is a story for children on the walls. The temple is often used to celebrate the Vesak ceremony every May on the night of the full moon and visited by pilgrims from Indonesia and abroad. The temple is older than Borobudur temple. Its architecture is rectangular and has entrances on top of the ladder. The roof is also square and terraced, there stupa on it.
READ MORE - Candi Mendut
READ MORE - Candi Mendut

Candi Pawon

Candi Pawon located 1.5 km to the west of Mendut and to the east of the temple of Borobudur, is also a Buddhist temple. When examined in detail in relief, it is the beginning of the reliefs of Borobudur. Many people think Pawon is a tomb, but after investigation it turns out the place to store weapons Indera king named Vajranala. This temple is made ​​of volcanic rock. Judging of the art building is a combination of art and buildings of ancient Javanese Hindu India. Pawon located right on the axis of the line connecting the Borobudur and Mendut. The possibility of this temple was built to Kubera. The temple is located on the upper terrace and the stairs are a bit wide. All the parts are decorated with stupa (dagoba) and outer walls with symbolic images.
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READ MORE - Candi Pawon
.::BY JUMBHO-MY AT HOME IN THE JEPARA CITY OF BEAUTIFUL::.