Sabtu, 31 Oktober 2009

Ancient Bicycle

ancient bicycle transportation simple to use human power to drive the motion of the coiled chains in one of the driving wheel by using the human foot.

Its serial number 58,334, frame size 660mm, Gazelle rear tires from Vredestein made before the war (1937) and still be able to climb despite being glued to the pelk.

Bicycle model earlier times, a very antique Simplex branded Seri8, Lights: BOSCH GERMANY Dinamo: BOSCH GERMANY, Standard: KOBA JAPAN, Stang / Stir: CHINA.

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Jumat, 30 Oktober 2009

Old car



DATSUN

Old car is a vehicle that has a total of four wheels or more with the engine and body are very old and no longer produced by the factory but now many people who seek it as a collection of vintage cars. This phenomenal car, according to his fans is a "Kejaiban" technology, not from the model, but the engine performance and "handling" it. In addition to the standard machine with high capacity, which makes the Datsun 510 remains popular to this day is the ease for the "upgrade" to the Datsun parts other versions. Backed by a strong framework, as well as a flexible engine room, various types of machines with high capacity from next-generation Datsun, Datsun engine 510 1600 box installed with little modification. For example :

  1. Machine, can the upgrade of the type: 1.6l - 1.8l to L1.6 - L1.8, even using the type 2.0l - L20B a much greater capacity or a turbo version with a maximum capacity.
  2. Transmission of the 4-speed manual can be upgraded to:
  • 63mm (shaft-center distance) 5-speed transmissions" made for 200sx (S10) and HL510 (A10).
  • 71mm 5-speed transmissions", which is used in the 280-Z series (s30 & S130), 200sx '80-'83 (S110) in production from 1980 to 1983, 810 production 1977-1980, 810/Maxima/Bluebird (910) production years 1981-1984, C210/R30 Skyline series. This transmission is used in the series pick-up/truck type 620/720/D21

From the management side, Datsun 510 early version has been equipped with various equipment and accessories that support the ability of the engine and the toughness as : Brake discs at the front wheels. Independent suspension on the 4 wheels (MacPherson strut front and semi-trailing arm at the back. For the station wagon with "solid rear live axle and leaf springs at the rear. Using the rear-wheel drive system. Transmission of two kinds, namely: 4-speed manual or 3-speed automatic. Available in versions: 2-door sedan, 4-door sedan, and station-door wagon 4. Fuel consumption: 20-30 mpg (test plant in the United States). Any type specification Datsun 510 with the United States, since 1970 has been equipped with "anti-sun glass.


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Old House Castle Museum, Yogyakarta


Fort Vredeburg

News August 17, 1945 Proclamation received by the Office of the Yogyakarta branch Domei news gave rise to various actions, including: red and white flag raising, seizure of the building and disarmament of the Japanese. After the fort Vredeburg controlled by the RI, then handed over to the military agencies' n used as a dormitory and headquarters staff of the army with the code 'Q', under the command of Lieutenant Junior I Radio. The task force's taking care of military supplies.

At the time of the Military Aggression II, December 19, 1948, the fort Vredeburg Dutch bomb targets so that the office is therein TKR destroyed. Dutch troops under the command of Colonel Van Langen successfully mastered Yogyakarta including Vredeburg fort, later used as a headquarters fort IVG (Informatie Voor Geheimen or Dutch secret service). Besides Vredeburg fort also served as a dormitory soldier 'n western weapons storage (tanks, armored' n other military vehicles).

After the Dutch left Yogyakarta (Yogya event Back, June 29, 1949) Vredeburg fortress controlled by APRI (Armed Forces) that the management handed over to the Military School Academy. After the G 30 S / PKI (year 1965) for a while fort Vredeburg used as a political prisoner (political prisoners) under the supervision Dephankam.

In 1976 held the fort building feasibility study, then the process of building towards the preservation of the fort continued to run. Dated August 9, 1980 signing of an agreement made between the Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, as the party I 'n Dr. David Joseph (Education Minister at the time) as the II on 'Utilization of the former fort Vredeburg building as a center of information and cultural development of the archipelago'. 1981 year old castle Vredeburg buildings designated as Heritage Objects (BCB) based on the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. RI. 0224/U/1981, dated July 15, 1981. November 5, 1984, Prof.. Dr. Nugroho Notosusanto (Education Minister at the time) said that the former castle building Vredeburg will function as the National Struggle Museum. In the agreement and letter of Sri Sultan HB IX No. 359/HB/85, April 16, 1985, stated that the changes in spatial structure of buildings in the fort complex is permitted in accordance with needs. To further restoration work done to improve building functions as a museum. The museum opened in 1987 'n can be visited by the public. 23 November 1992 the former building official Vredeburg fort became the Museum of National Struggle under the Special Education Minister Decree RI (then chaired by Prof.. Dr. Fuad Hasan) No. 0475/O/1992, with the name 'Castle Museum, Yogyakarta'.

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Prehistoric



Prehistoric life style INDONESIA AND RESULTS culture.

Results of prehistoric human culture to maintain and improve the pattern of his life to produce two forms of culture are: Cultural form that is Spiritual, Cultural form that is Spiritual, Prehistoric societies have belief in supernatural powers, namely:

  1. Dynamism, which is belief in things that are considered to have supernatural powers. For example: rock, kris.
  2. Animism, the belief in spirits of their ancestors who dwell in boulders, mountains, big trees. The Spirit is called Hyang.

Patterns of prehistoric human life are :

  1. Is Nomad (sedentary living), which is not yet settled life patterns and clustered in one place as well, their livelihood is hunting and gathering food.
  2. Is Sedenter (settled), the pattern of life was organized and grouped, and settled in one place, farming livelihoods. Begun to know the customary norm, which is based on habits.

Farming systems / agriculture :

  1. They began using the hoe and plow as a farming tool.
  2. Using animals to cows and buffaloes plowing.
  3. Human system to grow rice.
  4. Unknown fertilization system.


Sailing
In prehistoric human voyage already know the direction of the wind and know the position of the star as a determinant of the direction (compass)
Language
According to Prof. results. Dr. H. Kern, the language used, including the Austronesian language family: Indonesian, Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia.
Occurrence of language differences between regions due to the influence of geographical factors and the development of language.

Type of early human fossils Indonesia :
01. Meganthropus Paleojavanicus (Sangiran).
02. Pithecanthropus Robustus (Trinil).manusia-purba
03. Pithecanthropus Erectus (Homo Erectus) (Trinil).
04. Pithecanthropus Dubius (Jetis).
05. Pithecanthropus Mojokertensis (Perning).
06. Homo Javanensis (Sambung Macan).
07. Homo Soloensis (Ngandong).
08. Homo Sapiens Archaic.
09. Homo Sapiens Neandertahlman Asia.
10. Homo Sapiens Wajakensis (Tulungagung)
11. Homo Modernman.



Stone Age is the period of extensive prehistoric times, when humans created tools from stone (for not having better technology). Wood, bone, and other materials are also used, but the rock (mainly flint) was formed to be used as cutting tools and weapons. The term is derived system of three ages. Stone Age is now divided again into the Paleolitikum, Mesolitikum, and Neolithic, each of which again sorted further.

Palaeolitikum = The old stone age (palaeolitikum), so called because the stone tools made by humans is still done in rough, not rough or dipolis. When viewed from the corner of his living this period is called the hunting and gathering food simple level. Supporting this culture is composed of Homo Erectus. Earliest period of human civilization is marked by the discovery of fossils of early humans in scientific computation was about 1 million years ago as Phitecantropus Erectus, the size of his thigh bone (femur) can be categorized as homo erectus or upright man. And hunting equipment such as handheld axes, showing patterns of human production of that period are still in the hunt. In this period people are still moving from place to place one another in an attempt to get the game.

Neolithic, also called the Neolithic, the phase or the level of culture in prehistoric times that has the characteristics of cultural elements, such as equipment from a sharpened stone, permanent agriculture, livestock, and making pottery.
Early young rock is also referred to as the initial planting in 1500 ranged years ago in Indonesia. Most people in the era of the Paleo-Mongoloid rice. They began to settle and build a farm to live with using simple tools like the pickaxe found scattered in the western archipelago. This tool is also found in Yunnan, South China, Laos shows the human migration from the north through the Mekong river. In the eastern archipelago in many elongated axes are also found in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, North Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and other islands of Melanesia. Advanced biological studies showed that the similarity structure of DNA in the blood of humans in this region have similarities, this shows the ancestors came from Indonesia some of the Asian mainland and partly a mixture of Negroid and Mongoloid and Negroid mainly located in the eastern islands . In his spare time waiting for the harvest, they began to have the time to understand the universe and the forces of the Great to simplify their lives. So they started to build places of worship in the form of large stones like Menhir, stone-story building, dolmen and statues of their ancestors, then the end of this time period also known as megaliths.

Megalithikum is a large stone cultural terms (Mega = large; Lithos = stone).
Megalithikum culture is not an age of growing its own, but rather a result of the culture that arose in the time Neolithikum and thrive in the days of metal. Every building that was created by the community would have a function.
(Batu Muda / Neolithikum It is an era in which the tools of human life is made of stone that have been mashed, and form more perfect than the previous period. For example: ax square and oval axes.)

Contained in the Prehistoric Room is a collection of objects of prehistoric relics, among others:

  1. Replicas of human skulls and bones of ancient.
  2. Megalithic statues (human or animal form).

  3. Replica of a stone coffin tomb, the tomb stones in the box was also found in the beads, pottery, and items that come included with the dead were buried.

  4. The tools of metal, such as: ax funnel, arrowheads, spear eyes.
  5. Pottery.
  6. Stone tools of Paleolithic sites Kali Oyo, Hamlet Randusari, Watusigar Village, Sub Ngawen, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. Stone tools they will be penetak ax, ax perimbas, tool flakes, elongated axes, pickaxe.



A Oopart (Out Of Place artifacts / artifact that is not in place) is a term given to dozens of prehistoric objects found in various places around the world with the level of a completely different technology to determine the age when based physical, chemical and / or with instructions geologic.

Prehistoric trail

At times paleolithikum, used stone tools are still very rough. Over time, the equipment was developed with the physical forms are more subtle, especially in the era neolithikum.

Given the lack of metal tools, you can bet that is made by cutting or in friction with the other rocks. Thus, making sure that does not take a minute. For ease of use, this type of axes may be given a wooden handle of a clipped, and tied with rattan ropes. Prehistoric ax I get from the South Sukabumi, has a different physical form of stone axes from Pawon Sand Peak. At that time, in the middle of the fun enjoying the panoramic view of limestone hills nearly destroyed, I accidentally found it in a tucked position between the holes of limestone. The ax has a 8.5 cm long, 2.5 wide base and the eyes are toothless measuring 3.5 cm. Huntu than dark, much more rough surface. He was also of course much older. Characteristics, indicates that prehistoric humans had known Pawon Cave rock culture center (mesolithikum). 

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Chairs and Table Clasic








Table is a place for learning or doing any activities with a stationery such as pencils, use the table of an object that has flat feet that more than two, there are signs on it that serves to prop or pads when he wrote in a notebook. today many collectors are looking for unique furniture or unique objects such as tables and chairs in earlier times.



Chairs are objects that have a physical form consists of four legs, back to back back and body (board) to sit down. Stout chair model in search of today is the ancient seat models available in the past with a different form from now. with the model rather strange and unique collectors were more old chairs, old chairs placed anywhere matches. in the form of fission is very unique ancient seats, and has a different artistic form of the chair now.

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Keris (kris) in JAVA


warangka yogyakarta

Sheath in the form similar to Yogyakarta, Surakarta, only slightly smaller in size, its style is more singset. That looks similar to the sheath Ladrang, in Yogyakarta called branggah. Wood branggah sheath makers in Yogyakarta is wood trembalo and timaha. Actually the use of sheaths in Yogyakarta branggah with Ladrang sheaths in Surakarta, but several decades of this standard is not too tight in the community.



Warangka Surakarta

Usually made of fragrant sandalwood or sandalwood Sumbawa (sandalwood - Santalum album L.) The second option is trembalo wood, then wood pellets timaha. Warangka Ladrang syllables divided into four main Kasatriyan Ladrang, Ladrang Duchy, Ladrang Capu, and Ladrang disorder. The two last shapes are now rarely made, thus have become rare. Warangka Ladrang is kind of worn sheaths to attend a ceremony, party, and the user is not on duty. When compared to the military clothing, clothing belonging to the sheath Ladrang Office Ceremony (PDU).


Pendok

serves as a protective or coating axle, which is part of the sheath of the kris soft wood. However, the protective function is then turned into a means to display luxury. Simple Pendok usually made of brass or copper, but that luxury is made of silver or gold set with jewels. Pendok form some kind, ie pendok bunton, blewehan, slorok and topengan.




Luk

This term is used for a keris is not straight, but curved or grooved. Luk at kris always uneven, is never even. The count starts from the bay three to luk thirteen. That is a normal keris. If more than 13 luk, regarded as abnormal kris, and called the keris kalawijan or palawijan.

The number of keris luk always uneven, is never even. In addition, the rhythm of the keris luk divided into three groups. First, luk a shallow or vague. Second, the sedeng luk or medium. And third, who luk rengkol - of which the rhythms around her stern.


keris bugis

In the keris culture there are a number of foreign-sounding terms for the layman. Understanding of these terms will be very useful in the process of understanding of the keris. The term in the world of the keris, especially in Java, which is often used: angsar, kitchen, prestige, furniture, tough, tanjeg, and so forth.

Below is a brief description alphabetically arranged about the keris. The term is commonly used in Java and Madura, but understandable and sometimes also used in other areas, such as Sulawesi, Sumatra, and even in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei Darussalam.

Angsar

is a supernatural power that is believed by some to be found in a keris. Power supernatural or occult power is not visible, but can be felt by those who believe. Angsar can have a good or positive, may also reverse.

Basically, all the keris was angsar good. But sometimes, good angsar was not necessarily suitable for everyone. For example, the keris has a good angsar for a soldier, almost certainly not suitable if it is owned by a trader. Keris who has a good angsar for a leader who had many men, not suitable for low-ranking employees.

To get to know angsar kris, requires knowledge of tanjeg. While fit and to determine whether or not someone with angsar a keris, requires knowledge of tayuh.

Dapur

Is a term used to describe the shape or type of a keris. In the name of the kris kitchen, people who had understood immediately known, such as the keris form what is meant. For example, someone says: "Kris has a form of bedding dapur Upih", the listener will immediately know that the keris is a straight keris, not the keris luk. Another if it is called the kitchen Inten belt, then it must keris luk to eleven.

keris in ethnic communities know Java more than 145 kinds of kitchen keris. But of that number, which is considered as a standard kitchen keris or follow standard are only about 120 of course. Centini, one written source, which can be regarded as guidelines for the standard kris kitchen includes details of the kitchen keris follows:

There are 40 straight keris of the kitchen. Keris three luk 11 kinds. Keris luk five have 12 kinds. Keris luk seven have 8 kinds. Keris luk nine have 13 kinds. Keris luk there are 10 kinds of eleven. Keris luk thirteen has 11 kinds. Keris fifteen luk 3 kinds. Keris luk there are 2 kinds of seventeen. Keris luk nineteen, twenty-nine to luk each some kind.


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buggy


buggy

buggy or a buggy is a means of transportation without the engine, driving a horse or a buffalo / cow. transportation is very simple but comfortable and can enjoy the antique atmosphere with up buggy / buggy.

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Sewing machine


Sewing machine is a mechanical or electromechanical device that functions to sew. History of sewing with a needle has started at the beginning of human civilization. Materials needle variety. There are made of stone, bronze, bone or ivory. Rough needle was used to unite the animal skin into clothing. While the yarn used is made from animal muscle. Metal needles are used around the 14th century, which is a needle with a common hole at the moment.
In the year 1755, a German immigrant, Charles Weisenthal, who lived in England, patent designs special needle to a machine. Unfortunately, the patent does not specify which engine to use the needle.
Next, a British cabinet maker, Thomas Saint, also patented a sewing machine in the year 1790. Saint unknown what really made prototype machines used at the time, or just to get the patent royalties, if the machine eventually could be made. To be sure, Saint Thomas in his patent detailing a sharp object that can make holes in the skin and insert the needle at the existing hole. One step ahead of the Weisenthal. But Saint's reproductive findings were not able to operate.

This patent case is also forgotten by Balthasar Krems. German citizen was found automatic machine for sewing hats in the year 1810. He did not patent the machine is said temuanya and never work properly. Efforts to create a sewing machine was never fade. Many others eventually led to a patent war. But not a few others ended in failure. For example John Adams Doge and John Knowles from America. They both make a sewing machine in 1818 but ultimately failed when the machine used to sew a cloth. Sewing machine that can function Thimonier created by Barthelemy in 1830. This machine uses only one thread and a needle hook like embroidery or embroidery needles. Unfortunately, this discovery did not get good reception from the community. In fact he was almost killed when a number of tailors his garment factory burned for fear of unrivaled and causes of unemployment due to the discovery of her sewing machine.
Isaac Merrit Singer
Singer is a citizen of the United States, the inventor of the sewing machine (1851), the creator of the purchase on credit system, the inventor of rock drilling machine (1839) and wood carving machines and metal. Singer sewing machines made more perfect and master the markets much wider than a sewing machine made by Howe. Singer is the entrepreneur's largest sewing machine industry in the world at that time. He was born in Pittstown, New York United States and died in Torquay Devon, England (1875) at the age of 64 years. He managed to get 20 patents, which are 12 fruit patent for the sewing machine that she kept her perfectly. Howe-made sewing machine can only create 250 stitch per minute, but in 1970 made Singer sewing machine can make a 8000 stitch per minute. For some reason at the age of 12 she left her parents house and live to wander. He was making a living by fixing the machines are broken. Age 28 years he received a patent for the drilling machine and ten years later received a patent for the machine chisel. For Singer's life is improving and making machines, particularly sewing machines. Two years later he moved to Boston. In 1851 when he was 40 years old Singer sewing machine repair required artificial Lerow and Blodgett. The sewing machine he managed to fix it. But Singer does not just improve. While he was repairing a sewing machine to create a better quality within 11 days. Sewing machines can sew straight and curved and can sew any part of the sewing material. Howe-made sewing machines can only sew straight along a few inches. Accidentally sewing machines like Singer sewing machine Howe. Howe demanded to court and accused of stealing designs Howe Singer. Howe won and Singer must pay royalties to Howe. But soon after Singer founded the company with Edward Clark, Howe, and others. Company name I.M. Singer & Company. Nine years later (1860) that the company became the company's largest sewing machine in the world. Three years later (1863) Singer founded the company with the name of Singer Manufacturing Company. It turned out that not only experts Singer sewing machine, but he was also a keen businessman and creative. He heavily promoting, advertise, and market their products. He was the first person in the world to throw away a million dollars a year to advertise her sewing machine. He'd love to each house has a brand sewing machine Singer. His efforts were not in vain, he managed to make profits 13 million dollars a year. In the same year (1863), when he was aged 52 years he retired and moved to Europe. He still had time to enjoy retirement for 12 years before meningal in England.
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Typewriters


Typewriters

Typewriters or typewriter is a machine, or electronic device with a set of buttons that, when pressed, cause the letters printed on the document, usually paper. Those who use typewriters recognized as a typist.

A typewriter typewriter keys, with keys for letters in the font. The way how the typewriter put a mark on paper right now is all kinds, like the kind of printing press. But until the late 20th century, this is usually done with a metal punch or, later with a plastic type of metal element in the cause inked ribbon attached ink on paper. Sometimes carbon paper sandwiched between several layers of paper, in order to copy the letter printed on each layer of paper. The IBM Lexmark Wheelwriter series has been a solid powerhouse machine providing the best in features and reliability for decades of service. Each re-conditioned typewriter is thoroughly inspected, all

necessary parts replaced, lubricated, tested. The IBM Wheelwriter 1000 features 10, 12, 15 and Proportional Spacing, Bold, Auto Center, Automatic Correction, Spell Check, Word Tab, Word Erase, Reprint, Stop Codes, Line Find and Relocate. Incorporating the quality and performance of larger IBM Wheelwriter Typewriters in a more compact size, the versatile Wheelwriter 1000 is the perfect choice for classroom, business, home or for connecting to your IBM or IBM-compatible PC as a letter-quality printer. Add to that its ease of use, “classic IBM Selectric Touch ® keyboard” and excellent print quality, and the American-made IBM Wheelwriter 1000 Typewriter emerges as the most solid performer of its type made anywhere.

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Radio Earlier Times


Radio is a kind of communication that uses electromagnetic waves, or radio signals, to deliver an electronic notice from one place to another without using wiring. Conductor unit called the transmitter (transmitter), when the unit is switched to the sound of a radio signal that can be heard is called the recipient (receiver). Typically, the recipient is referred to as a "radio" or a radio box. Function radio to broadcast (or deliver) music, news, lectures or other forms of radio sehala called stesen radio. Guglielmo Marconi of Italy was held as the creator of the radio.

Radio line of people, amatur radio and also use the radio telephone bimbit. Polis, Bomba and others who assist in a rainy day is also used radio to communicate. In search and rescue efforts in the jungle or at sea, the radio signal anxiety is very important to find prey.

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Vespa







Vespa is a brand of motorbike scooters that come from Italy. The parent company of Vespa, is the Piaggio. In the early arrival has arch-rivals Vespa slowscooters, Vespa is now automated as a conventional motor scooter had no competition anymore. Vespa is now considered unique because of the typical form of the vespa, vespa engine viewed from all engineserrations therefore vespa if up the road is very good but slow soVespa motorcycles compared with current output. Vespa has a simple two-step machine and a unique shape because it has a long history and profound philosophy, owner of Vespa Congo, the production of the Soviet Union in 1955 was sorry if the vehicle with the position of this side of the machine must be changed shape. Vespa of an originality, Vespa value can be better appreciated.
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Kamis, 29 Oktober 2009

computer output compared to earlier times is far different now in the specification hardware device or software. hardware antiquity flourished not so unlike today, the Internet is not a luxury anymore in college campus has many uses hostpot.


The Xerox Alto monitor has a portrait orientation
The 1977 Apple II, shown here with twin floppy disk drives and a monitor. The Apple II featured an integrated keyboard, sound, a plastic case, and eight internal expansion slots.

Macintosh 128k transparency

"Compact Macintosh" or "Classic Macintosh" are informal terms that refer to the direct descendants of the original Macintosh personal computer case design by Apple Computer, Inc. All of them are all-in-one. Desktop computer A desktop computer is a personal computer in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop or portable computer desktop computer designs with the display integrated in the computer case, but not the keyboard. These terms are only used for the models using the case style of the original Macintosh.
Macintosh 128K
The Macintosh is the original Apple Inc. Macintosh personal computer. Its beige case contains a 9-inch monitor and comes with a keyboard and mouse sold between 1984 and the mid-90s - later, larger all-in-one models like the Macintosh LC 500 series. Macintosh LC 500 series

The Macintosh LC 500 series is a series of personal computers that is a part of Apple Computer's Macintosh LC line of Apple Macintosh computers, the Macintosh Performa Macintosh Performa

The Macintosh Performa series was Apple Computer's consumer product family of Apple Macintosh personal computers from 1992 until 1997, when the introduction of the Power Macintosh 5x00 series ended this product line 5xxx series or the iMac
IMAC iMac is a line of Apple Macintosh computers.IMAC or Imac may also refer to: Necmettin Imac, Netherlands footballer Isochronous media access controller, a method of transferring data that must not be interrupted are not usually called "Compact" and definitely not "Classic". The
Apple Lisa

Apple Lisa
The Apple Lisa was a personal computer designed at Apple Computer, Inc. during the early 1980s.The Lisa project was started at Apple in 1978 and evolved into a project to design a powerful personal computer with a graphical user interface that would be targeted toward business customers - derived Macintosh XL

Macintosh XL
Macintosh XL was a modified version of the Apple Lisa personal computer made by Apple Computer, Inc. In the Macintosh XL configuration, the computer shipped with MacWorks XL, a Lisa program that allowed 64K Apple Macintosh ROM emulation is a borderline case, and is included by Apple in their "Classic" spec page, but not counted among the Compact range by others. Apple divides these models into five form factors: The Macintosh 128K and the very similar Macintosh SE.

Macintosh SE
The Macintosh SE was a personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc. between March 1987 and October 1990. This computer marked a significant improvement on the Macintosh Plus design and was introduced by Apple at the same time as the Macintosh II. the also similar but already "retro" Macintosh Classic

Macintosh Classic
The Macintosh Classic was a personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc. Introduced on October 15, 1990, it was the first Apple Macintosh to sell for less than US$1,000. all of them with a 9" black and white screen), the modernized Macintosh Color Classic

Macintosh Color Classic
The Macintosh Color Classic was the first color Compact Macintosh Apple Macintosh computer. It was essentially a Macintosh LC with an integrated 10" Sony Trinitron color display with the same 512?384 pixel resolution as an LC II with the Macintosh 12? RGB monitor with a 10" color screen and the very different Macintosh XL.


On August 12, 1981, IBM tried to correct the previous mistake with the release of micro computers are less expensive than previous computer, called the IBM PC 5150. 5150 IBM PC computer equipped with the Intel 8088 microprocessor with a speed of 4:47 MHz and 40.963 bytes ROM memory (40K) and 16.384 bytes of RAM memory (16K). Because the DOS operating system, the IBM PC equipped with two (Model 176) or one (Model 166) floppy disk 5 ¼-inch drive that can store only 160K per disk, and a color monitor screen as an optional choice. For input devices, IBM uses a keyboard made by IBM itself with the number 83 button-fruit. And with the release of the IBM PC, IBM PC became the de facto standard in the microcomputer industry and further dominate the market microcomputer operating systems.
Developer Apple Computer
Type Personal computer
Release date July 1976
CPU MOS 6502 @ 1 MHz
Memory 4 KB standard
expandable to 8 KB or 48 KB using expansion cards
Graphics 40×24 characters, hardware-implemented scrolling
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Puppet in JAVA Wayang

wayang is a show that is shown by the audience with entertaining purposes.Wayang have two types of people and the puppet shadow play. wayang man is performing as the main actor is the person's own, with like the puppet costume so that people can not recognize his face. shadow puppets played by an object like a doll, but made of leather puppets and shapes as so-called wayang kulit.
About the origins of the emergence of a puppet in Indonesia, there are various opinions from experts that can be used as a guide. According to history books in the library of Old Javanese Sultanate palace Ngayogyakarta, leather puppet show their origins using simple equipment, but the original standard are still regenerative until now, namely by using buffalo leather puppet carved by chisel, using color, blencong, kepyak, boxes etc. According to historians Sultan's Palace also known clairvoyant, puppet art has certainly come, and is the work of the archipelago nation, Indonesia alias for the original people in Java. This puppet arts started there since long before the Hindu culture came. Puppet arts at first is a form of Old Javanese ritual, or sacred ceremonies associated with the belief system of that time, ie to go "Gusti Murbeng Dumadi" (God the creator of the universe). Puppet ceremonies performed at night by a medium who allegedly called the warrant or done by the head of the family. Play that was held to take the stories of the ancestors or the ancestors. This ceremony is intended to call and communicate with the spirits of ancestors. The goal is to seek help (prayer) and his blessing if the family would begin a hunger or a task, so when it is finished running some heavy duty. The ceremony is expected puppet Neolithikum arise at the time, or at ± 1500 years BC. In the process, the ceremony is then done by an artist who is a professional puppet, the puppeteer.

Invisibility in Determination Wirayat Lakon
In determining a play for puppet, a puppeteer can not own volition in deciding what to play brought. He is determined by several factors.
Among them are the following:
  1. Type of puppet used as a demonstration tool.
  2. Beliefs surrounding communities.
  3. Purposes of holding the show.
Equipment in Puppet Performance :
  1. Blencong: coconut oil lamp to illuminate the screen.
  2. Masterminds / Dalang (in JAVA): People who run the puppet-play.
  3. Color /kelir (in JAVA): banana Gedebok used to stick puppets.
  4. Puppet / Wayang(in JAWA): A type of two-dimensional puppets are moved by puppeteers.
  5. Gamelan : the traditional Javanese musical instruments to accompany the performances.
  6. Musician /Niaga (in JAVA): People who plays the gamelan.
  7. Play /lakon (in JAVA) : Plot or title.
  8. Slashes/ Sabetan (in JAVA) : Motion carried puppet movements Dalang.
  9. Beber : Screen to capture the shadow puppets in the arena slashes.
  10. Waranggana or sinden : vocalist tim tembang in the puppet stage.
  11. Panyumping : Assistant assists the mastermind who prepare Ubo rampe and help sort puppet.
  12. Kothak / Pethi : wooden box to store and puppets who have not been shown.
Puppet /wayang (in JAVA) has two dimensions, if viewed properly from behind the scenes should play. Yampak is a black silhouette of the shadow puppets. Wayang is the soul, or jiwànggà, soul ing antlers manjing the soul in the body. While shadow puppets behind a screen beber or the proverbial "real teacher" or a true soul.

Screen / kelir (in JAVA) is gěděbok (trunk) of banana trees. If not used anymore to stick puppets, then the screen will be thrown into foul-smelling stuff and there's no point, then back into the ground. Screen is like our body or bodies are used as a place of our soul die. Bodies are used as a spirit medium in order to do something in wadag měrcapada dimension (earth).
Beber also called a white screen with no stains. Mercàpàdà or an image of the real world is a sacred place. In any place, area, region, country, continent it is a holy place. If there are no holy places, or considered black or dirty valley, in fact only a subjective assessment of human or just a dirty, not the earth where they stand. Screen as a picture of the earth, became the stage play "play life" puppets.

Pěthi wooden box to store the puppets that have not been issued or a puppet of the dead. Puppet characters who have died, have left kelirnya and entered by the mastermind pěthi into the box. Pethi proverbial grave. If you would burrow serem graves, for not understanding the meaning of the grave. Actual grave small door, dark, stuffy and cramped, but a "corridor" or the entrance to the faerie ancestors bright and wonderful.
Puppeteer / Dalang (in JAVA) is a person who merely run stories (theater) puppet who has been there before. However, the puppeteer must understand the true standard gamelan, wayang characters, twisted tembang, each person and wiyaga waranggana or sinden. Dalang be storyteller, as well as a leader or a command for the whole team together to run the play "stage of life" puppets. Compactness occurs when the waranggana or sinden, wiyaga, and assistant puppeteer to understand exactly how the story plays, live it and how desires for melakonkan Dalang wayang.

Blencong a torch light located in front of the screen, above the Ki Dalang sitting cross-legged. Blencong using coconut oil fuel, so that the flame is relatively long, clean flame, smell fragrant and tasty, too. Philosophy of life blencong revelation for instance, or the real atma turn all of life, for instance light cahya blencong true. Blencong from Hyang Widhi that indescribable in wayang performance. Saka wahananing asale Blencong Gusti Murbeng Dumadi Kang. Light cahya blencong is true, illuminating the entire leather puppet, which covers the whole universe Gumelar. Cahya true, illuminating the puppets (the true soul), illuminates the Dalang and color. Blencong and the light is like sratumarga Ian cahya. That instance Bethara Nurrada and Bethàrà Teja (Antàgà). Cahya true, the light penetrated into the life of the body, outside and inside, under and above, comes from the All Life atma true, his form was derived from Mahamulya Hyang. Being his form into the All Single. Ora ana kajàbà THE Maha Tunggal NYAWIJI Kang Maha Tunggal.


Duke Karna was the son of the Goddess Kunti, the daughter of King Kuntiboja in Madura. When young he named Suryaputra. When Kunti was a virgin goddess she was pregnant because having knowledge of Begawan Druwasa, and science should not be uttered in the sun (during the day). If spoken in the sun it will be. pregnant. But the Goddess. Kunti forget the ban, then became pregnant. By the help Begawan Druwasa, content can be born out of the ear hole, then given the child was named Karna (karna means ear). Diaku Karna Hyang adopted by Surya. Karna was born last time he was found dumped by King Radea, king of Petapralaya, children continue to be recognized and given the name Radeaputra.


Puno Kawan
Punakawan is a typical character in Javanese wayang in Indonesia. Punokawan between puppet characters in the physical form with the other one is different and played behavior of the puppet-play.
  1. Semar (Hyang Ismaya) round shape with a character who has his power over the gods. Semar is the caretaker of Pendawa.
  2. Gareng with the existing character in itself is a playful, cheerful, less good at speaking, once a king in Paranggumiwang.
  3. Bagong with similar character Semar in physical form, but the cumbersome nature of having fun, sassy and play dumb. Bagong Semar form of shadows, he descended from the gods who descended on earth.
  4. Petruk with physical forms of long nose, thin and her face was always cheerful with a character he likes to quip lack truth-joke joke, Petruk had become king in the country he is said Ngrancang Kencana ajimat KALIMASADA run.

Pandawa Lima

Here is the mastermind of the first collection of puppets Pandavas / Pandawa lima. Pandavas were the descendants of Raden second wife of Pandu from the goddess Dewi Kunti and Madri. Starting with the younger Pandavas during which at that time they were named (starting from the oldest) :
  1. Raden Puntadewa, better known by the name of Yudhisthira.
  2. Raden Bratasena, better known Bima.
  3. Raden Pamade, which is more known by the name of Arjuna.
  4. Raden Nakula, because twins used the puppet is the same.
  5. Raden Sahadewa, because twins used the puppet is the same.
Raden Puntadewa Time teens name was changed to King Yudhisthira
King Yudhisthira a king in Amarta, son of King Pandudewanata, is the eldest Pandava. In his youth named Puntadewa. Yudhisthira one who, until the patient is bleeding white people because he was never angry. Because of the nature, Yudhisthira avoid the danger. Baratayudha Yudhisthira in battle commander was appointed, but very annoying his brothers because he had never fought. Yudhishthira and the Pandavas brothers all died with perfect Baratayudha postbellum.

Raden Bratasena teenager at the time changed its name to Raden Wrekodara, Wrekudara is the name of Raden Bratasena as adults, by changing clothes and curled decorated by the Goddess Durga. Wrekudara a powerful and strong, his weapon is his own nails called Pancanaka. Nail it infinitely sharp, sharp, seven times razor sharp. In addition, wind power has Wrekudara capable of dismantling the mountain. He never walked slowly. When walking he jumped, far jumps seven times the vision of an elephant. Wrekudara always uphold the honor of the Pandavas and slogan die one dead. He'd be a king enthroned in Gilingwesi, and named Tuguwasesa. During the war with Baratayudha he Duryudana. In Sridenta play, at war with Wrekudara Raden Prahu Sridenta, a king of Jumapala, Raden slammed by Wrekudara lose up to half his body Sridenta into the earth, which can then be rescued by the Raden Arjuna, may be expelled from the earth.
At the time young, was named Bratasena, he married a daughter named Goddess Nagagini Anantaboga Hyang daughter, and had a son Raden Antasena. Time the daughter was pregnant by Bratasena left. After the child was an adult, he was on ramandanya Face, but not acknowledged, recognized also as long as he can defeat the power Wrekudara. Wrekudara arrested by Antasena until he could not move, then he recognized Wrekudara son. Wrekudara powerful knight with wind power, could not be resisted. But the two sons are actually more powerful than him, namely Antareja and Ghatotkacha. To sign a miracle that the two sons, fought with the duel, battle one on one. Wrekudara lost. But with the second defeat of his son Wrekudara it even boasts a sense of child Wrekudara called Leonardo, is the most powerful kid.

Raden Permade when replaced with a teenager named Raden Arjuna. Raden Pamade a Pandava the middle or the third, the son of Pandu Prague, was also named Arjuna, Danajaya, Panduputra, etc.. As an adult he was named Arjuna or Janaka. Pamade a magic because some supernatural power of Vishnu Hyang fell to him (while the others fell on the King Krishna). Pamade can fly in the clouds, can disappear in the light etc.. But some people think that these things are just a metaphor. Pamede also regarded as the man most males in this world by God. So he a wife in many places. Kings, priests, and God is always asking for help. Arjuna has a defect in his right hand fingers finger two. Origin of one's finger is the finger of a king in the name of King Palgunadi Paranggelung. When King Palgunadi forced to release the ring by Danghyang Drona (Palgunadi teacher) until his finger off. Then submitted to Arjuna. After the ring with your index finger were attached to Arjuna.

Raden Nakula, Sahadewa Both knights are twin brothers, sons of Pandu from the empress Madrim, brother of King Shalya, Madraka king. Nakula and Sadewa time a child named Pinten and Tangsen. They are the two last Pandava brothers. Loyalty both to the three other siblings who had no change. All five of the same conviction, is a unity. When war raged almost Baratayudha, Pandavas felt fear war with the powerful King Shalya and patient's. But by the wisdom of Sri Krishna, and Sahadev Nakula facing King Shalya sent to defuse anger lust. Therefore, Shalya not have the heart hostile to the Pandavas, because remember Nakula. and nephew Sadewa children. Baratayudha So when the war broke out, King Shalya fought without spirit.


Family Hastinapura

The family ancestors Hastinapura Pandawa lima. If according to the above series, the Pandava family tree is as follows. Starting from King Krishna Dwipayana who has three wives namely Ambika, and endowed with Destarata Raden, then Ambalika, which the son of Raden karuniai Pandu and Niken datri finally, the blessed son Yamawidura. After parents, King Krishna Dwipayana resign from the royal Hastinapura and changed its name to Abiyasa Begawan.
  1. Resi Bisma, Grandfather of the Pandavas / pandawa.
  2. Dahyang Durna, Teacher of Pandavas and Kauravas / kurawa.
  3. Raden Dewabrata, Grandfather of Pandavas and Kauravas, better known as Bhishma Dewabrata.
  4. Raden Yamawidura, Uncle of the Pandavas and the Kauravas, who became an adviser.
  5. Raden Destarata, The father of the Kauravas /Kurawa.
  6. Pandu Dewanata, The father of the Pandavas / Pandawa.
  7. Prabu Kresnadwipayana, Grandfather of Pandavas / Pandawa and Kauravas / Kurawa, the father of Scout and Destarata.

READ MORE - Puppet in JAVA Wayang
READ MORE - Puppet in JAVA Wayang
.::BY JUMBHO-MY AT HOME IN THE JEPARA CITY OF BEAUTIFUL::.